Carl Sandburg Research Paper

Brief Overview of Carl Sandburg: As I researched Carl Sandburg, I began to find that there were truly many sides to Carl Sandburg. First, he was a poet whose Chicago Poems brought him fame and recognition. He is often associated with the â€Å"Chicago Literary Renaissance,† which took place in the 1910s and 1920s and included such authors as Theodore Dreiser and Edgar Lee Masters. However, Sandburg never believed he was an author for one place alone and actually termed himself â€Å"The Eternal Hobo. † In his poems, however, Sandburg did celebrate the agricultural and industrial life of the common man. While often criticized for his unrhymed, free-verse style of poetry, Sandburg simply said, â€Å"Simple poems for simple folks. † He wrote of the struggle of the working classes and used simple, common language. He has been called Whitman-like, a realist, and an imagist. Second, he was a careful historian whose biographies of Abraham Lincoln are thought by many critics to be the most realistic and accurate. Sandburg had a deep love for Lincoln, but thought prior biographers had portrayed him too idealistically so that he seemed almost unreal. Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln: The War Years won him his first Pulitzer Prize. Lastly, Sandburg was an activist and a â€Å"man of the people. † He believed strongly in workers' rights, and had a great optimism about his ability to change the fates of â€Å"common people. † He indicated this politically with his involvement with the Socialist party and, later, with the Democratic party. He also used his poetry to express some of his political views. As stated before, in most of his poems, he celebrated the beauty (and realistically displayed the tragedy) of urban, industrial life. Finally, Sandburg was a folk singer and a children's author. As a hobo, he collected folksongs and later, after he gained recognition as a writer, he toured the country with these songs. He also wrote children's stories for his daughters and published several children's works. He truly was a man of the people. Biographical Sketch: 1878 January 6-Carl August Sandburg was born to Swedish immigrant parents August and Clara in Galesburg, Illinois. He was the second of seven children. 1885 Sandburg insists on being called â€Å"Charlie† to avoid discrimination against Swiss people. 891 June-Sandburg drops out of school after completing the 8th grade. Fall-Sandburg begins work at a dairy. 1897 Sandburg travels to Kansas as a hobo. This experience allows him to explore folk culture and see the differences between the rich and the poor. 1898 Sandburg enlists in the Spanish-American War, and is sent to Puerto Rico, where he serves for eight months. Sandburg returns to Galesburg and enr olls in Lombard College (now called Knox college) while working as a fireman. He attends for four years but never graduates. 904 In Reckless Ecstasy, Sandburg's first volume of poetry, is printed by his professor and mentor Phillip Green Wright. Sandburg learns to play the guitar, which will assist him in his tours of folksongs later in life. 1907 Wright prints Incidentals, another volume of Sandburg's poetry. Sandburg moves to Milwaukee and works as an organizer for the Wisconsin Social Democratic party. 1908 The Plaint of a Rose, another Sandburg volume, is printed by Wright. Sandburg writes socialist pamphlet You and Your Job June-Sandburg marries Lilian Steichen, whom he met at the Social Democratic party headquarters. She encourages him to restore his true name â€Å"Carl. † 1910 Sandburg begins work as secretary to the first Socialist mayor of Milwaukee, which he continues until 1912. 1911 Sandburg's first child, Margaret, is born. The Sandburgs would go on to have two more daughters, Janet and Helga. 1913 Sandburg moves with his family to Chicago (they make their home in Elmhurst). He becomes editor of â€Å"System,† a business magazine, and works for the â€Å"Chicago Daily News. † 1914 A group of Sandburg's poems appear in the Chicago-based Poetry magazine. Sandburg receives the Levinson prize for his poem â€Å"Chicago. 1915 Sandburg begins contributing to the International Socialist Review. 1916 Chicago Poems is published. Sandburg's fame begins to build. 1917 Sandburg declares himself a political independent, but continues to associate with the Democratic party. 1918 Cornhuskers is published. Sandburg begins writing editorials for the â€Å"Chicago Daily News. † He continues with this until 1923. 1919 Sandburg writes an analysis of the 1919 Chicago race riots. The Poetry Society of America honors him. 1920 Smoke and Steel, Sandburg's poetical ode to industrialism, is published. 921 Sandburg is again honored by The Poetry Society of America. 1922 Rootabaga Stories, a children's book written for his three daughters, is published. His editor suggests a children's book on Lincoln. 1923 Rootabaga Pigeons is published. 1926 Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years is published. This Sandburg's first true financial success. 1927 The American Songbag is published, which features folksongs. Sandburg gained recognition as he toured and sang these songs frequently. 1928 Good Morning, America is published. 1929 Country is published. Sandburg pens a biography of Edward Steichen, a famous photographer and brother of his wife. 1930 Potato Face is published. 1932 Mary Lincoln, Wife and Widow is published. 1936 The People, Yes is published. Sandburg campaigns for Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to the Presidency 1939 Abraham Lincoln: The War Years is published. 1940 Sandburg is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Abraham Lincoln: The War Years. 1943 Home Front Memo is published. 1945 The Sandburg family moves to Flat Rock, North Carolina. 1948 Sandburg publishes his novel Remembrance Rock 1950 The New American Songbag is published. The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg is published. 1951 Sandburg wins a second Pulitzer Prize for Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg. 1953 Sandburg pens an autobiography, Always the Younger Strangers. 1960 Harvest Poems, 1910-1960 is published. Sandburg campaigns for John F. Kennedy. 1963 Honey and Salt, another volume of poems, is published. 1967 July 22-Sandburg dies in North Carolina. His ashes are returned to his Galesburg birthplace and placed in â€Å"Carl Sandburg Park† behind his house. The ashes are set beneath â€Å"Remembrance Rock. † Bibliography of Works and Awards Poetry Volumes –In Reckless Ecstasy (1904) –Incidentals (1907) –The Plaint of a Rose (1908) –Chicago Poems (1916) –Cornhuskers (1918) –Smoke and Steel (1920) –Slabs of the Sunburst West (1922) –Selected Poems (1926) –Good Morning, America (1928) –The People, Yes (1936) –Poems of the Midwest (1946) –The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg (1950) –Harvest Poems (1960) –Honey and Salt (1963) –Breathing Tokens (published posthumously in 1978) –Bill Sunday and Other Poems (published posthumously in 1993) –Selected Poems of Carl Sandburg (published posthumously in 1996) Lincoln Biographies –Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (two volumes published in 1926) –Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (four volumes published in 1939) –Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years (one volume edition published in 1954) –A Lincoln Preface (1953) –Mary Lincoln: Wife and Widow (1932) Other Nonfiction Works –You and Your Job (1908) –The Chicago Race Riots of 1919 (1919) –The American Songbag (1927) –Steichen the Photographer (1929) –Storm over the Land (1942) –Home Front Memo (1943) –Always the Younger Strangers (1953) –The Sandburg Range (1957) –Ever the Winds of Chance (a posthumously published autobiography, 1983) Fiction –Remembrance Rock (1948) Children's Books –Rootabaga Stories (1922) –Rootabaga Pigeons (1923) –Potato Face (1930) –Early Moon (1930) –Prairie-Town Boy (1955) –Wind Song (1960) Awards: –Levinson prize (from the magazine Poetry) for â€Å"Chicago† (1914) –The Poetry Society of America honors Sandburg in 1919 and 1921 –Pulitzer Prize for Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (1940) –Pulitzer Prize for The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg (1951)

Character Change in “The Jewelry” Essay

There have been many times in literature where writers will change the attitudes or beliefs of the main character of their story. Writers can do this a number of ways. They use things like tragic events or a change in setting to be the reason why a character changes. In Guy de Maupassant’s â€Å"The Jewelry,† the main character’s attitudes change multiple times throughout the story. The story begins with the narrator describing how the main character, M. Lantin, fell in love and married the girl of his dreams. He adores her so much that it is written that, â€Å"six years he married her, he loved her even more than he did the first day† (69). In fact, Lantin almost finds his wife to be flawless. The only faults that he finds in her are her love for the theatre and her passion for false jewelry. Lantin never understands his wife’s fondness towards fake jewelry. They cannot afford real jewelry and it seems as though Lantin wants to save her the embarrassment of parading around with fake jewelry. He tells her that she is better off wearing no jewelry so that she can show off her natural beauty and elegance. However, she does not listen to him and continues to wear her fake jewelry. At this point in the story, M. Lantin seems to be a stress-free man who is enjoying life with the girl of his dreams. He is not a rich man by any means, but, the love he shares with his wife fulfills his every need. Then, tragedy strikes. Lantin’s wife catches pneumonia one night after the Opera and dies eight days later. After the death of his wife, Lantin’s character changes from a careless man to a soul in despair. The narrator describes his anguish by saying, â€Å"His despair was so frightful that in one single month his hair turned white. He wept from morning till night, feeling his heart torn by inexpressible suffering-ever haunted by the memory of her, by the smile, by the voice, by all the charm of the dead woman† (70-71). hair has turned white in a single month. Lantin suffers day and night and is haunted by the mere memory of his wife. He keeps his wife’s bedroom exactly the same and as time goes by, his memory of her remains strong. Lantin ends up getting into debt and losing all his money. The first thing that comes to his mind is to sell his wife’s jewelry. The jewelry; which he does not think will bring him much money, has become an object of loathing and distant memories of his late wife. After rummaging  through most of her items, Latin finds his wife’s pearl necklace that he thinks might be only worth a few francs. He goes into a jewelry store to sell it. There, he finds out that it is real, and that it is worth a substantial amount of money. He goes into another jewelry store to receive a second opinion. To Lantin’s astonishment, not only is the necklace real, but the second store that he entered was the exact store where his wife bought the necklace for a substantial amount of money. It is here where Lantin’s character changes from being a sad and sorrowful man to a puzzled fellow searching for answers. This is evidenced in the text when Lantin is pondering to himself how his wife came across the money to buy such an expensive piece of jewelry. Maupassant describes Lantin’s puzzled mind by writing â€Å"He tried to reason, to understand. His wife could never have bought so valuable an object as that. Certainly not. But then, it must have been a present! A present from whom? What for?† (72-73) Lantin is so bewildered by these events that he barely makes it home for the night. The next morning, he goes out and realizes he has no money to get anything to eat. Lantin then remembered the substantial amount of money that the jeweler had offered him for the pearl necklace. He then returns to the jewelry store to tell the jeweler the necklace. While at the jewelry store, Lantin remembers that his wife had lots of other jewelry that might be worth a lot of money as well. He collects her other jewelry and sells it all to the jeweler. Lantin receives 196,000 francs for all of his late wife’s jewelry. At this point, Lantin’s mood changes again. He completely forgets his sorrows and no longer questions where his wife got the money for such expensive jewelry. The only emotions that Lantin is experiencing are ecstasy and sheer excitement. The text describes how Lantin’s desire was to â€Å"yell out to the passers-by ‘I am rich, too-I am! I have 200,000 francs!’ (74).† Lantin quits his job and dines at the finest restaurant. The story ends with Maupassant describing Lantin’s final mood change. Lantin marries a woman six months later with a terrible temper. The story ends by saying that Lantin’s new wife, â€Å"made his life very miserable. (75)† Guy de Maupassant changed Lantin’s mood multiple times in a short amount of time. From the happiness of his first marriage; to the sorrow after her tragic death; to the bewilderment that he experienced when he discovered that his late wife’s jewelry was real and how much it was worth; to the delight in the riches he acquired from selling it  all, and finally to the final misery he lives through because of his new wife. It was brilliant stories by Maupassant because it showed his character go through so many emotions in such a short amount of time. Maupassant’s readers are bound to relate to at least of these emotions that Lantin experiences. This helps make the story more appealing and relatable. It is the reason why most writers use character change in their stories. Work Cited Maupassant, Guy de. â€Å"The Jewelry.† In The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th ed. Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. 2011. 69, 70-71, 72-73, 74, 75.

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Unit 4 db mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Strategic and Financial Decision-making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Economi Portfolio Essay Example for Free

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Enterprise Rent A Car Case Analysis Commerce Essay

Enterprise Rent A Car Case Analysis Commerce Essay With a vast network of over 6,000 rental locations and 850,000 cars, Enterprise Rent-A-Car is the largest rental car company in the United States. In fact, based on these statistics alone one can evaluate Enterprise as a success story. Indeed, the company offers a unique and customer friendly service such as picking up customers and taking them to the rental office. Enterprise has developed many assets that provide competitive advantages, such as proprietary computer applications. The company carefully cultivates and trains its employees in a methodology that is highly useful for its business while also receiving accolades from peer organizations. By focusing on local rental opportunities, Enterprise has successfully continued growing its business against rivals such as Avis and Hertz, while keeping up with current trends. 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This distinction between satisfaction and complete satisfaction was as result of Enterprises customer service researched that revealed local renters ranked ratings for completed satisfaction based on three criteria such employees attitude and helpfulness, speed of the transaction as well as the cleanliness of the vehicle. If 70% of the customers were completely satisfied (checking off all three criteria) then such customers were deemed as completely satisfied and likely to be repeat customers where as if the satisfaction figure was at 22%, this meant these customers are less likely to be repeat customers of Enterprise. Thus in this way, complete satisfaction meant repeat business for Enterprise. In fact, a total commitment to complete customer satisfaction is engrained within the Enterprise culture, and is best exemplified by the Enterprise Service Quality Index, a proprietary evaluative tool designed by Enterprise to measure customer satisfaction. Enterprise also has sought competitive advantage by developing tools and assets that its competition failed to duplicate. In fact, from early in its history, Enterprise has chosen to focus on local rentals, leaving airport rentals as the focus of a large number of its rental competitors. Enterprise has dominated the insurance rental market not only by applying for and becoming preferred providers, but also because the company has provided its clients insurance companies a direct interface into Enterprise reservation system, empowering the insurance companies to make reservations for their customers. Thus, in this way, the company essentially has invested heavily to create its clients insurance companies their own proprietary software reservation system, allowing them to supply the specific features most needed tailored to their needs while also avoiding the licensing fees and other challenges associated with a third party software application. The company is very choosy with the types of employees it hires, and considers its employees and training program to be of critical importance. The training of personnel by Enterprise begins at recruitment, with an expectation that each employee will slowly rise through the ranks of the company by earning each step they take. This provides the employees with a full understanding of how Enterprise prefers to do business and a full commitment to the eight founding values of the company. There is a clear promotion path that is laid out before them, so employees understand at all times that they have a future with the company as long as they are willing to work for it. Employees are empowered at Enterprise, as the company views each branch location as a separate, semi-autonomous little company within their network. Although a high turnover rate would be of concern to most companies that experience the level of turnover that Enterprise does, the Enterprise business model is such that beca use the company places its employees in such a competitive environment, higher turnover is expected and is accounted for through additional recruitment efforts. Thus Enterprise feels that this makes its employees more driven to succeed, thereby attaining higher levels of performance as a result. From a competitive standpoint, both Avis and Hertz have made efforts to enter the local car rental market that Enterprise dominates. It is hard to see how these two companies can be nearly as successful in this market as Enterprise because of the companys unique positioning with insurance companies as a preferred provider. As long as Enterprise maintains this position and continues to tap into new growth strategies such as shared car rentals, it should be successful in maintaining its leadership status within the local rental category. In addition, car sharing is a current growth market that many companies such as Enterprise and Hertz and investing into in order to grow. There are multiple considerations that explain the interest of this segment to customers, such as environmental considerations of reducing car ownership, less expense for renting a few hours versus days, and convenience for those who do not wish or need to have a car full time. In areas such as large cities or college universities, the appeal is very clear and significant. With the largest network of local car rental offices, Enterprise should have easier access to this new market since the can easily offer car sharing option as an added service to customers from their existing locations. In fact, both Hertz and Enterprise are developing contracts with universities, corporate campuses, and municipalities. Therefore, Enterprise should continue this expansion in order to achieve a leadership status within this rental category. In order to properly evaluate the Enterprise Rent-A-Car business model and determine its success, the Enterprise Service Quality Index (ESQi) was developed through extensive customer research. ESQi evaluates each location branch in its ability to deliver complete customer satisfaction. This index provides a specific measurement for each location branch through surveying of customers. In this way, the branches are essentially put into competition with each other, and compensation is based partially on performance criteria. Enterprise strives to achieve balance across its branches to remain consistent with respect to customer service. The main goal of the company is to increase the number of customers who are described as completely satisfied. Therefore, based on both criteria, Enterprise is considered to be effective in its customer service efforts. In fact, within a ten year period, the ESQi index increased from 67% to 80% for those customers considered completely satisfied. In addit ion, the gap between the best service and worst service branch locations narrow from twenty eight points to nine points over the same time period. Moreover, tools and assets can be evaluated based on the success of sales and achievement of customer satisfaction. Human resources methodology such as hiring and training were also assessed through employee retention, industry accolades and employee achievements. Furthermore, Enterprise has continued successfully in forging ahead in the local car segment based on the companys market growth and penetration. Of course, how effective Enterprise will be in the growing car sharing market remains to be seen, although at this point the success rate can easily be determined by what has been accomplished, and how well Enterprise is positioned to move forward. Based on the current evaluation, the company has been successful thus far in these areas as well. Other tools and assets that are considered to have made a difference at Enterprise such as linking and empowering insurance companies that use Enterprise as its preferred provider to the companys reservation system, proprietary software that runs the Enterprise reservation system, and the companys focus on customer service through proprietary software applications. Enterprise holds a dominant position in the insurance car market, enabling insurance companies to better serve their customers. The proprietary software better services customers as it is totally customized to the Enterprise business model. This proprietary software also provides additional services to the insurance companies by providing direct access to the status of repair work on vehicles, notifying them when repair work is complete and lowering their car rental expenses as a result. In these ways, Enterprise has indeed effectively reached its objective. Employee retention is a potential issue for Enterprise. While the company does compensate through additional recruitment efforts, twenty five percent of new hires leave the company after six months, undoubtedly increasing recruitment costs. On the other hand, Enterprise is considered among the top 50 companies to launch a career by Businessweek magazine, and the company has articulated a clear career track that provides employees with knowledge that there is a future at Enterprise. Another important consideration is employee achievements. The company does provide many awards and recognition for those employees who are considered to have achieved excellence and it is notable that many of the companys service innovations were created by branch managers and their teams. One such innovation that was created in the field is what arguably Enterprise is best known for, which is picking up customers and bringing them to the rental office. Enterprise is considered effective in this category a s well, although it would be a good idea for Enterprise to increase its effectiveness by exploring ways to increase employee retention, perhaps through additional management training and conducting internal surveys to determine the right course of action in this realm. Additionally, Enterprises continued success in the local car market is virtually ensured through its close partnership with insurance companies and status as a preferred provider. The additional services Enterprise has provided to the insurance companies, such as access to its reservation system and the ability to check on the status of car repairs, augment their position in this market. Indeed, in this way Enterprise has a fundamental strength in the local car segment and its business model has been very effective. Moreover, the car sharing market has proven to be an area of growth for Enterprise, having successfully brought on dozens of partners such as universities, corporate campuses, and cities. There are competitors such as Zipcar that are larger in this segment, yet such competitors are currently not profitable. Hertz is also growing in this area and they appear to have a larger presence at this point than Enterprise. Of course, although Enterprise has been effective at expanding into this new area whether the company can continue to be effective still remains to be seen. While not a direct part of the evaluation, there are other tangible advantages within the business model of Enterprise. As the largest rental car company in the United States, Enterprise enjoys the status of industry leader, and perceptually there are advantages to this status. Historically Enterprise has maintained very low overhead in many types of expenses, which is achieved through limited national advertising and employee incentives to keep operational costs down. Finally, in conjunction to insurance local rental market, Enterprise also has enjoyed a large share of the leisure discretionary rental market. Enterprises fleet management program is also unique and advantageous, as this program handles the sales of its own used rental cars without being locked into a specific car manufacturer for new car purchases like most of competitors.

The Struggle for Equality: Native-Americans and Asian-Americans

The Struggle for Equality: Native-Americans and Asian-Americans The struggle for equality has been going on since the first European settlers immigrated to the United States. Globalization and Imperialism forced the indigenous peoples of the United States, and also immigrants from other countries, to endure extreme cultural changes. Both the experiences of the Native Americans and the Asian Americans are similar in the attempts by the dominant white culture to affect a total cultural transformation of their way of life. Both groups were considered inferior, dealt with segregation, discrimination, and the rationalization of economic and social exploitations. Native Americans and Asian Americans both suffered restriction of education that was intended to change and control their beliefs and behaviors, in addition to forced internment and relocation. Both groups struggled to preserve their cultures and languages, to be accepted and to receive the liberties that are the right of citizens of the United States. The liberties Americans expect, freedom f rom discrimination, citizenship, the right to sit on a jury, the right to vote, to receive an equal education were for many years denied them. In both cases, fear and greed were the prevailing attitudes that guided those policies of intolerance. From the onset, both the Native Americans and Asian Americans were viewed as inferior to whites and uncivilized. The 1700s classification of Native Americans by Congress as domestic foreigners (Spring, 2010) denied citizenship based upon the Bering Strait Theory that they had crossed over from Asia on the land bridge, and therefore were not white . This was the justification for the classification that all people of Asiatic decent, called collectively by European Americans Mongolians, were not to be considered white and was the basis for the Naturalization Act of 1790 which denied both Native Americans and Asian Americans citizenship. The general view of the Native Americans was a filthy (in the moral sense) savage who not only did not avoid personal pleasure, they enjoyed sex, allowed their women power, were lazy and did not discipline their children. Asian Americans fared no better. Spring (2010) states that in the 1870s in California the Asians were considered an inferior race, barbarians, and any mixing of the races would be the lowest, most vile degraded of our race, and the result of that amalgamation would be a hybrid of the most despicable, a mongrel of the most detestable that has ever afflicted the earth (p. 72) he went on to say that California Representative Romualdo Pacheco maintained, Chinaman [is] a lithe, sinewy creature, with muscles like iron, and almost devoid of nerves and sensibilities. His ancestors have also bequested to him the most hideous immoralities. They are as natural to him as the yellow hue of his skin and are so shocking and horrible that their character cannot even be hinted (p.73). The mind-set of non-European cultures not being white and needing to be civilized, was part of the belief system that the English colonists brought with them that held they were culturally and racially superior. This was used as the validation for taking over the lands of the Native Americans and the forced relocation of the various tribes. Ostensibly, for their own good, the reality was that the land was desired by settlers. This is similar to the Japanese Americans losing their homes and possessions during their internment in concentration camps during World War II. Additionally it was this same not white argument that was used in the 1920s to deny Asian Indians citizenship, and was combined with restrictive court rulings to deny owning land. It was over 160 years after the Naturalization Act that the United States Government acknowledged that naturalized citizenship should not be restricted to whites with the passing of the McCarran-Walter Act in 1952. The political system headed by European-Americans believed that to preserve the survival of the country it was necessary that other groups repudiate their native religions and ways of life, and accept middle class America with its accompanying customs. The hope was to accomplish this by total deculturalization and assimilation through education. It was during the latter part of the nineteenth century that the major policy of the United States Government became one of destroying the customs of the Indians, replacing their languages with English and instilling in them an allegiance to the U.S. Government. The Japanese faced these same tribulations in Hawaii in 1914. Wanting to preserve their culture and language, the local Japanese communities had opened private schools for their children to attend after public school. Spring (2010) explains, they were criticized by local white leaders for hindering the Americanization of Japanese American children and a Territorial Government report f rom that time states, All Americans must be taught to read and write and think in one language; this is a primary condition to the growth which all nations expect of us and which we demand of ourselves (as sited in Hawkins, 1995, p.35). The idea of cultural assimilation combined with the restriction of education was meant to keep other cultures and ethnic groups in line. Both Native Americans and Asian Americans were experiencing segregation or being denied an adequate education. It was not until the civil rights movement that strides were made to redress the deficiencies in schooling, have the schools provide positive images, and reverse the efforts by federal and state governments to destroy the language and cultures of different ethnic groups. The Japanese were, at this time, at a great disadvantage as they were still reeling from the effects of anti-Japanese movies made during World War II and had been villainized by all other cultural groups as a result. The outcome of that polarization of popular opinion was that the Chinese Americans were able to overcome the image of the Chinese opium den deviant which had energized discrimination and segregation. The American Indians wish to be in charge of their own educat ion and re-establish their cultural heritage and languages was made difficult by the attempts in the 1940s and 1950s to end the official status of the tribes. This was not in line with the Indians desires as it would mean dispersal into the general population (Spring, 2010). Banding together into the Pan-Indian movement the tribes in the 1960s led demonstrations to call attention to the plight of the Native Americans and garner political support. At this time, the image of Asian Americans had evolved to the point where they were considered the model minority(Spring, 2010). Regarded by the European Americans as model students who worked hard and got good grades, they were used as poster children to hold up against the African Americans and Hispanics for not working towards the model minority image. Despite strides made by both groups discrimination in education has continued. With a new inflow of immigrants to the United States, multicultural education ranging from bilingual education to instruction in a variety of cultures was proposed. All ethnic groups were expected to benefit from these policies. Unfortunately, the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act which mandated standardized tests to measure achievement, tied to school funding, put an end to that hope. If instructors hoped to ensure the students would be prepared for the high stakes tests that had became mandated than the material needed to be standardized. Sadly, these government created tests create uniformity in knowledge and make a single culture the norm of schooling. (Spring, 2010, p.133)

fidel castro :: essays research papers

Fidel Castro was born near Mayari Cuba in 1926. In 1950, he graduated from the University of Havana with a law degree and opened a law office with two partners. Two years later he ran for election to the Cuban House of Representatives. The elections were never carried out because then dictator Fulgencio Batista halted them and ended democracy in Cuba. This was perhaps, the defining moment in Castro's life. As a result of Batista's action, Castro assembled a small force and attacked the Moncada Army Barracks in Santiago de Cuba on July 26. Castro was captured and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. In 1955, however, Batista released him. Castro immediately went into exile in Mexico where he began to train a group of revolutionaries called the 26th of July Movement. In December 1956, Castro's forces invaded Cuba. The rebels suffered losses, but many were able to escape to the Sierra Maestra, a mountain range in southeast Cuba. From there, Castro was able to direct his revolution. Over the next two years, he gained increasing support from the Cuban people and on January 1, 1959, Batista fled the country. Shortly after Castro took control of the government, relations with the United States declined. In 1960, he took over U.S. oil refineries in Cuba. The United States then stopped buying Cuban sugar and Castro responded by taking over all U.S. businesses in Cuba. Angered by Castro's actions, President Kennedy, authorized an attempt to overthrow the Cuban dictator in 1961, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. The invasion failed but made Castro wary of another U.S. attempt. Consequently, when Khrushchev offered to place nuclear missiles in Cuba, he agreed. Castro's role in the crisis differs greatly from the other two leaders. Once he decided to accept the missiles, he lost control over their fate. Castro was merely a pawn in the international chess match and Cuba was merely a playing field. Neither Castro nor Cuba were of great international importance. The missile confrontation could have taken place anywhere in the world, unfortunately for the Cuban people, it occurred on their island.

Style Analysis For See Them Di :: essays research papers

Style Analysis for See them Die, McBain aims to lead the reader into the bleak litter-strewn environment of a crowded American slum with its inherent threat of violence. Two dominating forces, Heat and July, established in the first two words, emerge as double personifications, prostitutes, in the first paragraph, their brazen 'vengeance', strutting insolently, garishly, born to make you suffer. Here the tone is aggressive, and menacing as McBain establishes the control his 'twin bitches' exert. This colourful start, rich in uncompromising nastiness, serves as a spring board for the more oppressive atmosphere neglect creates, and the sordid sense of entrapment which follows. 'The air is tangible' personifies the air, giving it purpose in its drab surroundings, and along with the onomatopoeic 'sticky' and 'clinging', conveys a sense of desolation. McBain then focuses on the visual 'nastiness', spraying sensory feelings throughout the next four lines, 'off-white brilliance', 'light that is dizzying' and 'shimmer of blue', all bring with them feelings of intense light, and a harsh, unnatural environment. The inseparable ideas of 'heat' and 'July' give the piece a secure foundation on which the detail builds. This structural security, reinforced by three other lines also set in isolation, gives McBain's writing an uncompromising edge, thus complementing his bleak tone. It is only 8:40 am…and it its Sunday. Placed almost midway, offers a structural reminder that much more will follow when the people wake up; that in fact we are experiencing the uncomfortable calm before the urban storm. These ideas contrast the 'quiet' of the previous line. After the opening metaphoric paragraph McBain develops details of the unpleasant light and its mixed effect on the scene: glow, off-white, light and dark, sin sits low, faded, shimmer, hint of blue. These impressions, combined with some effective 'tactile' diction, convey a sense of unevenness and reinforce the general air of unpredictability. The third major paragraph takes us into the refuse of human habitation, an extension of the bleakness built up previously. Garbage, neglect and the sordid symptoms of poverty establish clearly that the people in the setting are trapped on all sides by heat, July and where they live. The simple movement of a man's arm, through its stark contrast, reinforces the control of the disgusting street environment. The single line This is the only movement on the street Cuts off any further glimpses of people or action, at this stage, in keeping with the writer's chief purpose.

Type :: essays research papers

We are well accustomed to the written word as a primary method of communication in our culture. Its primary elements, the characters of the modern alphabet, were once quite literal symbols of everyday objects which were gradually abstracted to the letters of the alphabet. While cave paintings, dating as far back as 20,000 B.C. are the first evidence of recorded pictures, true written communication is thought to have been developed some 17,000 years later by the Summerians, around 3500 B.C. They are known to have recorded stories and preserved records using simple drawings of everyday objects, called pictograms. As civilizations become more advanced, they experienced the need to communicate more complex concepts. Around 3100 B.C., Egyptian hieroglyphics incorporated symbols representing thoughts or ideas, called ideograms, allowing for the expression of more abstract concepts than the more literal pictograms. A symbol for an ox could mean food, for example, or the symbol of a setting sun combined with the symbol for a man could communicate old age or death. By 1600 B.C., the Phoenicians had developed symbols for spoken sounds, called phonograms. For example, their symbol for ox, which they called aleph, was used to represent the spoken sound â€Å"A† and beth, their symbol for house, represented the sound â€Å"B†. In addition to sounds, phonograms could also represent words. Today, our own alphabet contains many such phonograms: % for percent, ? for question, and $ for dollars. It is the Phoenicians who are generally credited with developing the first true alphabet— a set of symbols representing spoken sounds, that could be combined to represent spoken language. They traded with many cultures, spreading their alphabet throughout the Western world. Around 1,000 B.C., the Phoenician alphabet was adapted by the Greeks, who developed the art of handwriting in several styles. The word â€Å"alphabet† comes from the first two Greek letters alpha and beta. Several hundred years later, the Romans used the Greek alphabet as the basis for the uppercase alphabet that we know today. They refined the art of handwriting, fashioning several distinctive styles of lettering which they used for different purposes. They scribed a rigid, formal script for important manuscripts and official documents and a quicker, more informal style for letters and routine types of writing. By A.D. 100, the Romans had developed a fast growing book industry and, as Roman handwriting continued to evolve, lower case letters and rough forms of punctuation were gradually added.

College Essay (Soccer)

As a senior, my team and I take our first step onto the turf field; we go on as a family that is striving to bring home the cup. This is my first, yet last chance to do this. The heat from the turf moves through my cleats and onto my feet. The intensity of the sun is shining straight down on me and the sweat is just beginning to start. Then my mind rewinds back to those few words that crushed me terribly last year coming from the varsity soccer coach, â€Å"I think it’d be best if you played on junior varsity this season. I spent countless nights being angry that I did not make varsity and I felt somewhat like a loser because I was a junior playing on the JV team. After a few weeks, I figured it was pointless to feel pity for myself and decided that I was going to show everyone how great I could be. Soccer has been my addiction since I was five and nothing could ever replace the desire for it. My father taught me the rules and coached me; I was set on making sure I knew every aspect of the game, attempting to perfect every skill. I was in complete disbelief when I was not put on the varsity squad, I thought I was good.I knew I had to get better because there is always room for progress. My first step was to improve my physical condition by running and lifting. Running was something that I dreaded to do every day, but knew it was so vital to do. I absolutely despised running, every time I wanted to stop I would just think, â€Å"A starter wouldn’t stop running until they’ve reached the end†. Lifting weights was an activity that I found enjoyable and did not mind doing. Besides exercising, I spent numerous hours working on my ball skills; juggling, controlling, and passing everything a starting player should be precise at.Finally, after many long months, my hard work had paid off. During tryouts I showed everyone that I was a zealous and determined player, taking practice serious and hustling for every drill. The varsity coach awarded me with a starting position for the team my senior year. My determined work ethic, initiative and discipline helped me to get where I am now. To this day I continue to work hard at every practice, even though I am starter. Slacking off is not an option for me. I have applied this lesson to many areas in my life including school work, sports and volunteer work. I am not a quitter and am never satisfied until I achieve my goals.

Chunnel Project

Hlstorlcal background, overall objectives, political climate, and pre- feasibility studies. 2-Development-Overall planning, feasibility studies, financing, and conceptual design, 3-1mplementation-Detail design, construction, installation, testing, and commissioning. 4-Closeout-RefIection on overall performance, settlement of claims, financial status, and post-project evaluation. 1974- Initial tunnel ideas gather but abandoned. 1978-British & French discussions resumed. 83-Frensh & British banks & contractors propose tunnel scheme. 1984 British and French agree to common safety, environmental, and security concerns. 1. Please complete your evaluation of project management during this phase, using the following grid: Project Management Area Closeout Phase Scope Management Time Management Cost Management Quality Management HR Management Communication Management Risk Management Procurement Management Integration Management 2.Please highlight the major areas of strength In the management of this phase of he project: Scope Management 2 Communication Mangement 2. Please highlight the major areas of strength in the management of this phase of tOf2 the following grid: Project Management Area Time Management 3 Quality Management 4 HR Management 2 Communication Management2 Risk Management 2 Integration Management 3 Closeout Phase the project: 1. Please complete your evaluation of project management during this phase, using the following grid: Project Management Area Closeout Phase

Positive nonverbal messages Essay

From the way we dress to the way we move, our nonverbal signals can reveal a great deal about our emotions, perceptions and intentions. When a person is talking or listening, he sends continuous messages consciously or unconsciously through his body movements, such as the way he holds his head, the angle at which he hold his body, his movements of limbs and his changing facial expressions. This kind of communication in which no verbal language is used comes under the category of non verbal communication. According to Knapp & Hall (2002) non verbal communication refers to communication that is produced by some means other than words, e. g. , eye contact, body language or vocal cues. The significance of nonverbal communication, in establishing interpersonal relationships, is far greater than any one can think of. According to experts, a substantial portion of our communication is nonverbal. On the basis of its effect nonverbal communication can be classified under following three categories. 1. POSITIVE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION – Positive nonverbal messages puts the other person at ease. When a person expresses an open and positive attitude towards the person with whom he is interacting, it creates a supportive and collaborative atmosphere. Use of positive non-verbal communication helps a person to become more effective and successful. It significantly affects the level of interpersonal relationship. It also determines the overall impression people form about a person. There are several types of positive non verbal indicators. For example turning face to the sender, leaning slightly forward towards him indicate that he is interested. , Nodding to express understanding, smiling or touching the person gently are other types of positive non verbal cues. The eye contact is most effective non verbal cue to achieve the goal of gaining someone’s trust. The way one uses his body and limbs, his eyes and face, will have a major influence on how his non verbal messages are perceived. 2. NEGATIVE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION – Sometimes non verbal body movements, gestures and facial expressions generate disinterest & distrust. It creates a state of confusion on the part of the receiver. The type of communication which comes under the above category is known as negative nonverbal communication. Negative nonverbal messages hampers collaborative and supportive environment. To ensure effective communication one must avoid giving such type of cues. Staring or gazing at other can create pressure and tension between the receiver and the sender. Negative facial expression, shifty eyes, too much blinking suggest deception Eyebrow muscle draws the eyebrows down and toward the center of the face if someone is annoyed. Talking to someone without maintaining the eye contact is distracting and often interpreted as insulting. If a person keeps talking on phone or keeps working on the computer during the conversation, it shows that he is not interested. 3. NEUTRAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION –This is the type of nonverbal communication which have neither positive or negative effect on the receiver. The type of body movements , postures and tone which have neutral effect on the receivers feelings and emotions comes under this category. It is very difficult to label any non verbal cue as neutral. People attach meaning even to a neutral message. During listening one rarely can stay silent for long, silence in some instances may be treated as neutral non verbal communication. If it lasts more than for 5-6 seconds then it turns into a negative cue. Sounds like ‘Mmm’, ‘Ah’ and ‘Hmmm’ when used in a neutral way invite learner to continue talking. CONCLUSION – Sending clear nonverbal messages and understanding correctly the message send by someone, largely depends upon the way how you are perceiving the total situation, and the person with whom you are communicating. Your mind set and the environment in which the communication is taking place also determine how you interpret and react to the non verbal messages. Interpretation of the messages depends upon past experiences,feelings, attitude and socio cultural background of the receiver. Communication can be misperceived if the source and the receiver does not share common experiences and common frame of reference. REFERENCES Knapp,M. L & Hall, J. A (2002) Non Verbal Communication in Human Interaction, Crawfordsville, IN : Thompson Learning Smith,T. E, & Gartin B. C, Murdick, N. L, &Hilton,A (2006) : Positive Indicator Of Non Verbal Communication Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall retrieved on 13th May,2010 Windle,R & Warren, S Communication Skills retrieved on 13th May 2010 from http://www. directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm

Irish history Essay

Rose Fitzgerald – wife of Joseph Kennedy, Sr. and matriarch of a U. S. political dynasty – was born of a proud Boston Irish family. Her last name however betrays origins that were other than Irish. In fact, the name â€Å"Fitz-Gerald† indicates that her first Irish ancestor to bear that name was the son of a Norman knight or nobleman who was begotten â€Å"in the wrong bed,† so to speak. Irish legends say that the island had been invaded several times before the arrival of the Celts around 250 B. C. E. (Austin, 2007). In historical times however, Ireland was virtually untouched for centuries; Romans never got to the island, nor did the early Germanic invaders that turned Romano-Celtic Britain into England starting around 450 C. E. By the time of the first Viking raid nearly 350 years later, the Celtic inhabitants of Ireland had retained their unique and ancient Celtic culture and language in a pure form for nearly a millennium. Even Christianity didn’t have a huge effect on the core culture, and there is evidence that suggests some druidic practices were integrated into early Celtic Christianity, which differed significantly from Roman Catholicism prior to the Council of Whitby (Griffin, 2000). Interestingly, Celtic languages historically are lost in the face of an invasion by a more aggressive culture. The Celtic language of Gaul was almost completely replaced by Latin, and in the face of Germanic invaders from the Continent, Brythonic (Welsh and Cornish) and Scots Gaelic retreated into the mountainous fringe of Britain. However, Scandinavians (from whom Normans were descended) invading Gaelic-speaking Ireland ultimately wound up adopting the language and the culture. This is probably due less to the durability of Irish culture than it is to Scandinavian adaptability. Wherever Scandinavian Vikings conquered and settled – from Russia to Normandy, or around the Mediterranean – they eventually became assimilated by the culture and language of those they had conquered. In the case of the early Norsemen, political conquest and colonization of Ireland was not a primary goal. For the first two centuries, raids were conducted for the purpose of booty. Only later, starting in the tenth century, did Norse Vikings begin building their port cities – Dublin, Wexford, Waterford and Cork – and begin to settle in. The purposes of the towns were to serve as bases from which raids on England could be launched. Archaeological evidence suggests that over the following two centuries, the Norse who started to spread out into the countryside around their towns were â€Å"heavily Hibernicized† (Oxford Companion, 1999). In the case of the Anglo-Normans however, there were additional factors – political, social and environmental – that led to the decline of their dominance and subsequent assimilation into Irish culture. The first Anglo-Normans in Ireland actually arrived as mercenaries two years prior to the â€Å"official† date of 1169. They had been hired by the ousted King of Leinster, Dermot MacMurrough in order to reclaim his throne. At the time, their was a great deal of internecine warfare in Ireland at the time over the throne and title of High King, providing what was basically an opportunity for the bastard offspring of Norman knights who otherwise would remain landless. Anglo-Norman intervention began in earnest with the arrival of over five hundred fighters between May of 1169 and August of 1170 (Oxford Companion, 17). Eventually – and despite attempted intervention (with papal blessing) on the part of King Henry II, Norman families such as Le Gros, Prendergast, FitzStephen, FitzGerald, FitzHenry and Le Poer had secured virtual kingdoms for themselves by 1200 (Wikipedia, 2007). Events in Ireland during the early 13th Century eventually led to the dissolution of these Norman principalities as the native Gaelic-speaking Irish began to reassert themselves. Part of the reduction of Norman influence in Ireland had to do with inheritance laws; land was divided among all sons, not just the eldest, which led to the reduction in size and power of Norman lands. Periodic famines also served to reduce Norman power in Ireland. Over the next hundred and fifty years, two additional events led to the decline of Norman power in Ireland. First was the invasion of Scottish king Edward Bruce, who rallied the Gaelic nobility against the Sassunach. The other was the Black Death 0f 1347-1350. This plague reduced the population of Europe by a third. Urban dwellers – such as the Anglo-Normans of Ireland – were affected in much greater numbers than those living in the countryside, which was the case of Gaelic-speaking Irish. As the English-controlled areas became confined to the lands in and around Dublin (called â€Å"The Pale†), the Hiberno-Norman lords in the hinterlands began to adopt the Irish language, allying themselves with the native Irish in politics and warfare, and remained Catholic despite the Reformation (Barry, 1988) . This process of â€Å"Hibernicization† was well underway by 1400; it so troubled the English authorities in Dublin that they passed laws in 1367 in an attempt to stop those of English (Norman) descent from intermarrying with the Irish and adopting the language and culture. The statutes had little effect, however because of the Dublin government’s limited authority outside of The Pale. Archaeological evidence of Norman occupation of the Irish countryside includes the remains of numerous â€Å"mottes,† or remains of castles, scattered throughout the country. However, there are some places where Normans are indicated to have lived in written records such as the Irish Annals, where remains of these â€Å"mottes† are not found. It is possible that â€Å"ringworks† – earthen forts – may have been present in these areas (McNeill, 1999). An archaeological dig at Caherguillamore in County Limerick sheds some light on daily life in Ireland during the late Middle Ages. The construction and layout of the houses discovered in this area is similar to those on feudal Norman manors one would expect to find in France and England (Barry, 1988). They appear to be long houses with a central hearth, typical of Scandinavian construction which Normans retained long after becoming culturally and linguistically French. A coin found at the site from the reign of Edward I dates the houses’ construction to the decades on either side of 1300. There does not appear to have been any sort of genre as â€Å"Norman-Irish† or â€Å"Norman-Gaelic† literature, although the latter term was used in the 1940’s by Austin Clarke to describe poetry such as Feuch fein an obair-se a Aodh , which, while strongly Irish in its subject matter and structure, bears some resemblance to the â€Å"courtly love† poems of the French troubadours, which whom most Norman nobility would have had some familiarity with (Carney, 1955). This cross-pollination seems to have gone both ways; Bebedeit’s Voyage of Saint Brendan, dedicated to the wives of Henry I, was adapted from the Irish saga Navigatio Sanctis Brendani, an account of what may have been an early Irish voyage to North America in the 5th Century (Harper-Bill, 2003). Beyond this, there is little in the way of true â€Å"Anglo-Norman-Irish† literature or prose. According to an article in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, there were three reasons for this. First of all, the vernacular language of Ireland – Irish Gaelic – was difficult for English speakers then as now, and very few inside The Pale would have bothered to learn it. Secondly, those Norman-English living within The Pale were busy trying to hold on to what they had in the face of rebellion by the native Gaels. The Third reason has to do with the entire assimilation issue: separated from their kinsmen in England and on the Continent, surrounded by native Irish speakers, it was inevitable that the Anglo Normans living outside The Pale should be drawn away from the Anglo-French literary traditions and into the Irish Gaelic forms (Bartleby, 2005). The Scandinavian influence – particularly that of the Normans – on European history can hardly be underestimated. The Vikings and their Norman descendants were a dynamic people who, for all their violent ways, created energetic societies wherever they went. Had William the Conqueror failed in 1066, English would presently sound a great like Dutch or German, and the socio-political landscape would look very different today. This energy may be exactly what has allowed Irish culture to survive, despite seven centuries of what was often harsh, cruel and even murderous oppression on the part of the Protestant English beginning around 1600. This vigorous culture was ultimately transplanted to the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In the U. S. especially, people of Irish descent read like a â€Å"Who’s Who† of American history. The fact that the Irish who came to the U. S. – who were initially despised and discriminated against violently – eventually rose to prominence and produced some of the greatest political leaders and literary figures in the nation owe their energy in part to the contribution of Scandinavians and their Anglo-Norman descendants. Works Cited The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. (1907–21). (Vol. XIV). The Oxford Companion to Irish History. (1999). ). Oxford: Oxford University Press A Companion To The Anglo Norman World.(2003). ). Suffolk: Boydell Press. Norman Ireland. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Norman_Ireland Barry, T. B. (1988). The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland. London: Routledge. Carney, J. (1955). Studies in Irish Literature and History. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Griffith, P. (2000). Celtic Cross Development. Retrieved 2 April 2007, from http://www. bluhorizonlines. org/cros/cros2. html Mcneill, T. (1999). Castles in Ireland: Feudal Power in a Gaelic World. London: Routledge.

Finance Presentation for Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Finance Presentation for Apple - Essay Example On top of this, they also sell a wide variety of software, services, peripherals and other networking solutions. A. History - Apple was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak and is considered one of the pioneers in the technology industry. They are now based in Cupertino, California (Kimmel 1998) and since their inception in the 70's, have become one of the most well known brands in the world not only in terms of hardware power but also as an entertainment media, a niche market they have practically dominated for many years. B. Products - While the original product line of Apple were the Mac hardware and software, they have, in the course of their business, diversified and morphed into a company that creates gadgets that combine function, style and entertainment into one amazing and compact tool. 2. Business Strategy - In general, the company is dedicated to provide up to date computing tools and portable entertainment media for a spectrum of users like students, educators, professionals and many others. Apple is anchored on five core principles that have proven to be vital to the company's success in attaining market leadership and profitability. A. A. Digital Lifestyle (Apple Inc., 2007, p.1) - Unlike other companies in the technology industry, Apple has positioned itself as a provider of total digital experience. They have been a trailblazer in integrating various media like music players, mobile communication, video players, cameras and game consoles into one compact but powerful contraption. This stratagem has proven to be very effective in realizing Apple's vision to be the leading technology provider in the world. B. Expanded Distribution (Apple Inc., 2007, p.2) - Another key element in the business of Apple Inc. is their belief in getting closer to their target market. While it is possible to settle for other distribution channels, the company opted to expand their own retail outlet network strategically around the globe. This way, they will be assured that the quality of sales personnel conveying the features and benefits of their products and services will conform to their standard and provide top level customer care and after sales service. This has proven to be effective and efficient for the company as it has enabled them not only to increase their loyal customer base but to ensure repeat sales. C. Education (Apple Inc., 2007, p.2) - While Apple caters to most corporate requirements, they have since been a strategic partner of the academe. As a matter of fact, the company has committed itself in alleviating the teaching and learning process for educators and students respectively by delivering tools and devices that support this process. Apple is a firm believer that technology stimulated education will result to a higher level of student achievement and that technology can play an important role in the learning process as it allows educators and students a wider access to information that used to be limited to the privileged ones. Some of these tools and services aimed at supporting this sector are the Mac computers and Apple TV to name a few. D. Creative Professionals (Apple Inc., 2007

Earth day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Earth day - Essay Example Earth day serves to broaden the support base for the protection of the environment. By focusing on the negatives of pollution, the day triggers the development and support of programs that can reduce pollution (McNamara and Gordon 17). Collaborative efforts in communities around the world are observed on this day all for the concern of the environment. People around the world can be instrumental in helping the earth regain its environmental profile as it was before the increased pollution. Each person has a moral responsibility of engaging in activities that do not cause pollution to the environment. Additionally, a person can volunteer to take part in a community initiative to protect the environment such as planting trees or conducting public awareness rallies. Essentially, the options to contribute to earth day are limitless. Each person can make a difference by being an advocate for the environment either at home or at work. Employees can community environmental friendly business practices to the management as a way to participate in the environmental

Nature vs. nurture debate within the context of the biopsychosocial Essay

Nature vs. nurture debate within the context of the biopsychosocial approach using a pretend cloning scenario - Essay Example ’s life story is important in knowing to its full extent the story of how the illness started and how the social and psychological domains affect the patient. It integrates the social interactions of individuals mentally, physically and emotionally in conceptualizing decease and illness. It has also been presented that the infliction and gravity of pain depends on sub-aspects such as gender, race, ethnic origin and tradition (Frankel et.al., 2003). The biopsychosocial aspects are the factors which shape an individual, it provides an individual experience and knowledge. Because of this, an individual who was born and lived during the 1950’s will have different characteristics if that individual was born and lived during the 1970’s. This is because that individual would have a different environment due to change and development, and most experiences will be different from one point or the other. These are the reasons why in a biopsychosocial point of view, parents and nor child will not prosper (Levine, 2009). The issue of cloning is closely connected to the debate of nature versus nurture in terms of how the cloned organism lives. Scientists speculate that cloned organisms will have more or less the same characteristics as its parents (Levine, 2009). This is because the genes and DNA structure of the cloned individual have the same structure as the parent of the clone. This is the nature aspect of the issue. On the other hand, it is also important to look into the nurture aspect which defines the environmental and social influences that impacts the life of the cloned individual. Yes, the cloned individual may have the same physical and biological attributes as the parent clone, but it may not have the same reaction to the present conditions wherein it will live because of the learning experience it will encounter. Although it has the same physical attributes as the parent clone, it may react differently to the situations around it because of the how it will

Art Tatum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Art Tatum - Essay Example In spite of his blindness, though, Art Tatum grew to become one of the great jazz musicians of his time. Tatum’s musical ability manifested itself at an early age. By the age of three, he was replicating music he had heard on the radio on the piano. His parents encouraged him in his music and eventually sent him off at the age of 16 to attend the Columbus School for the Blind. While learning how to read Braille, Tatum also studied music, both at his school and later with Overton G. Rainey, a classic pianist, at the Toledo School of Music. Tatum’s jazz talent was thus primarily self-taught but was good enough to get him his own show on the local radio station by the time he was 18. One year later and Tatum was working at Ohio’s Waiters’ and Bellmans’ Club, playing piano with singer Jon Hendricks. News of the young player began to spread and famous jazz greats such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Joe Turner and Fletcher Henderson began dropping in as they passed through town to hear him play. It wasn’t until 1932 when Tatum was 22 that singer Adelaide Hall decided to bring him to New York as her accompanist and his music began to be recorded. The earliest known recording is a 1932 test pressing of ‘Tiger Rag’, which was professionally recorded the following year. The song provides an excellent example of Tatum’s abilities as it features crashing bass notes, flowing cascades on both the left and right hands and a brutally fast tempo that showed off Tatum’s amazing dexterity. Tatum also participated in so-called ‘cutting contests’ while he was in New York, competing against other pianists such as Fats Weller and James P. Johnson for bragging rights that he never lost. Between 1933 and 1938, Tatum traveled around playing his piano visiting many of the large cities with big jazz followings including Cleveland, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles and several locations in England,

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Assignment

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Skills with Families(paper topic) - Assignment Example By evaluating the narration, the therapist connects these stories with the client’s life experiences and can recognize the links between different situations. In this narrative theoretical frame work, the therapist categorizes the experience into â€Å"dominant† stories and â€Å"alternative† stories (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2). Structural frame work of family â€Å"indicates† the relationship and role of every individual in a family. The quality of a family depends on the â€Å"cohesive† attitude and â€Å"flexibility† of its members and the bonding among them (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2, 4). A family structure includes certain â€Å"boundaries† which relating to the participation of members in family. In narrative therapy, the philosophy and approach is to focus on individual values of the client, within the family context. On the other the structural approach relies on the structure of the family rather than the individual traits of the client. The â€Å"alignment† features of family structure contains the same interests of the members and involvement of two family members to third member and the â€Å"power† of a family structure revolves around the head the family and his or her influence on the final output of a family activity (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). The structural theoretical frame work of family therapy regulates the involvement of every family member. The â€Å"explicit† and the â€Å"implicit â€Å"contract and the client centered approaches of the therapy differentiate it from narrative theoretical frame work of family therapy (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). In narrative frame work, the clients get a chance to â€Å"re-author† their stories , and through this re-telling the clients will come to know about themselves (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.1). The idea of reframing is a concept where the therapist asks same questions to two members of the same family. This is intended to derive different perspectives of an issue in hand so

Relationships and Connections of Variables Research Paper

Relationships and Connections of Variables - Research Paper Example Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. The literature offers a myriad of information yielded by various researches on human relationships. Concepts on a wide spectrum from physiological responses to romantic relationships, emotions that are manifested during romances, social implications or consequences of engaging in romantic relationships, and perceptions and viewpoints that are attempted to explain some phenomena related to romance have been analyzed and discussed in the paper. Studies on romance include research conducted by social scientists, which unearthed evidence of physiological responses manifested by heightened hormones in new romances of Dr. Donatella Marazitti and Helen Fisher. Rule of thumb in writing is that you do not use the same word twice in a sentence. One such study is that of adolescents who have become popular subjects/ participants in researches on conceptualization and expectations in romantic relationships... Feiring conducted interviews with adolescents with outcome results that indicated romantic partner selection in late adolescence and early adulthood is initiated due to of stimulus characteristics, such as desirable personality and physical attractiveness. In the adolescents’ reports, physical attraction to a prospective romantic partner is expressed as finding the person cute, pretty or handsome, rather than in terms of sexuality (e.g. a good kisser). As the relationship progresses, common interests and interpersonal compatibility becomes essential. (Conger, Cui, Bryant, and Elder conducted a longitudinal study that examined the effects of family influences on adolescents’ romantic behavior in their early adult life.  

Leadership in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership in Nursing - Essay Example In relation to this essay, leadership has great influence in the field of nursing (Malloch 2013). Leadership in nursing remains unquestionable. It involves critical thinking, advocacy, and all that takes place in nursing practice. It plays a central role in lives of nurses affecting the entire health care organizations. Furthermore, nursing leaders expect credibility, courageousness, and inspiration in innovation and increasing nursing practices (Sullivan 2013). Nursing leadership therefore, is about being competent and engage practices of nurses to provide better care around the legal scope and boundaries of their ethics (Malloch 2013). In addition, leadership in nursing entails innovation and visionary administration from junior to senior nurse officials. Thus, these leaders should understand themselves to help nurses offer services safely, timely and easily to patients. From above arguments, leadership has both positive and negative impacts in nursing. Just to mention but a few, some of the positive impacts include provision of healthful work environment for nurses. There is also development of opportunities due to good leadership. Moreover, leadership in nursing tends to promote good practice environment and safe health facilities (Rigolosi 2013). Although nurses may tend to make judgments of their own to deliver patient’s care, they always operate within a given team framework of a hospital. Leadership that is well developed encourages nurses to prove quality care which enhances outcomes for patients Nursing leaders can also guide conversation for best interest in case there is rise in different opinions. Moreover, leadership provides integration opportunities like skills, which ensure that nursing remains responsive to individual’s requirements on daily basis. In spite of many advantages, leadership also has negative impacts in nursing. Some of which include; nurse

What Are The Problems Of Using Both Diesel Trains And Electric Trains, Essay

What Are The Problems Of Using Both Diesel Trains And Electric Trains, And Can These Problems Be Solved By Switching To Just One Or The Other - Essay Example But as, the world’s climate is changing, the technology regarding the trains is changing. Diesel fuel based trains are massively used in the world. On the electric trains have become the major sources of transportation (the Guardian, 2012). Some modals of electric trains are faster and consume a considerably low amount of energy as compared to the diesel as well as relative electric trains. In this paper, I will evaluate the problems of using both diesel trains and electric trains, and can these problems be solved by switching to just one or the other. Problems of Using diesel Trains As the diesel prices are raising, it became less feasible from economic point of view to utilize oil resources as the main source of energy. On the other hand, diesel fuel engines produce immense of green house emissions. The engine requires cooling, and thus the efficiency of a diesel fired engine is not more than 40% (the Guardian, 2012). The diesel power train engines require scheduled maintena nce. The maintenance cost remains to be high (Nearing, 2013). Problems with Electric Trains Consume a large amount of electricity energy. In case of electric failure, the train is unable to continue journey, as it requires constant supply. In case of thunder storm, the delicate electronics may no work properly. Sometimes, the hanging electric wires over the trains are considered to be less protective Comparison between Diesel and Electric Trains Electric trains are much efficient as compared to the diesel fired trains. On the other hand, the technological advancements in the electric trains made the electric power trains, the fastest trains. Electric trains convert electric energy to mechanical energy, the motors require less cooling as compared to the engines so less energy is wasted. At higher altitude diesel engines become less efficient due to the lack of oxygen but electric rains work properly in that situation. Electric trains are more environment friendly as compared to the d iesel trains. Electrical trains are equipped with backup systems in case if one motor fails, other motors support its weight. If electrical energy is from a renewable source, environmental impact of the transportation can be reduced. If electrical energy is generated from fossil fuel resources, electrical trains still generate 20-30% low green house emissions as compared to the diesel trains. Electrical trains are more economically feasible as compared to the diesel trains (Nearing, 2013). Solutions that can make diesel trains better In order to increase the efficient of the diesel trains, it is important to convert the heat energy from the exhaust to a useful form. One way of doing this, is to utilize the thermal energy recovery system. The heat recovery should be used to convert water into steam and then use steam to power the train. By doing this, the energy efficient can be increased to 80% or more. Instead of using the petroleum diesel, bio diesel can reduce the cost of the fue l and reduce the environmental impact of the diesel fired engines (Takeuchi, Goodman, & Sone, 2003). Solutions that can make electrical trains better The researches have researched much to make the electrical trains better and more secure but from general perspective, there is need to power the trains from more than one source, more than one sou

Transition from Print Media to New Media Essay Example for Free

Transition from Print Media to New Media Essay New media has emerged from the print media. But its target audience is different from that of print media. Today, we have young readers getting attracted towards new media. This is because they feel that they really don’t need to waste their time reading when they could easily see or watch whatever they want to with audio and video, now a days the younger generation has gained a presence for it due to advances in technology and just reading a book for â€Å"fun† has started to become something of the past. The first news websites were launched by media houses around 1986. But, as you have already studied, these web editions were simply replicas of the respective print editions. The function of these websites was nothing more than generating awareness about the existence of these media houses. The actual transition in India happened after 1996 when several independent media houses tried to bring out a news website. But after 2000, most of the independent media organizations along with their websites closed down. That was the time when the phenomenon of convergence became popular. Convergence means the coming together of different forms of mass media. Ever since the first murmurs of electronic media, print media has always felt an undue threat, first from the radio and then from television. And now the Internet is seemingly up against the vast and widely spread print media. When the radio came in the early 1930s, everybody felt that newspapers would become obsolete. When television came in the 1950s, people and even experts felt that nobody would get the time for or feel the attraction of the written word. But everyone was wrong. Each media has managed to create its own time and space across cultures and around the world. However, the print media too, be it the newspapers or books, has been able to hold its own. Consider this – the circulation figures of major newspapers around the world have only increased over the years; publishers too come up with a deluge of books and new magazine titles pop up from nowhere every day. Alternatively, there are thousands of TV channels, even more radio stations, and the infinite Internet. In this deluge of information, where every media is fighting for attention, who wins? Nobody actually. Thanks to the distinct features, the ease of use and the reach of every media, they all have managed to create a specific target audience or readership for themselves. There is a little bit of appeal for everyone in every media. Information, knowledge, entertainment, fun, and serious business – all these things can be found in every media now. Now it is only left to the audience to choose what suits them. There lies the competition, which nobody has won yet. And nobody might ever win it completely ever. It’s true we are bombarded by images and sounds from various electronic media, which has shortened our attention spans. This quick deluge of information suits many of us who are hard pressed for time and because of this very few people get the time to read. Everyone wants content in a flash. The Internet has proved to be the most effective media here, where knowledge is literally at your fingertips. You type in what you want, and you get the results in milliseconds – in whatever form you want. There are now online editions of most standard newspapers. This is also the reason you have ebooks now. But how many people have access to the Internet? 10 percent of the population in India and just 8 percent over the world. Where do the rest of the 90 percent go? They turn to newspapers, the TV or radio. But, it is only a matter of time till the fast-spreading Internet is accessible to the rest of the people and a majority will look to it for most of their needs. So in such a scenario, is it just the print media that is dying? Is it not TV and radio too? Although, it is the print media which seems endangered, it is a fact that the success of any media tells upon another media. It is only a tug of war going among these, where the centre gets oscillated between the ends. Each has been devising ways to deal with the plus points of the other. TV is getting interactive, radio is getting gripping, newspapers and books are trying to get more attractive with the incorporation of visuals and graphics and interactivity to some extent, and all of them together are going online. Adaptability is crucial for existence. The bottom-line is if the print media continues to adapt to the changing media habits of people and corner its target readers well, it will survive. And it ought to do that for its good. Somehow, there is a feeling that even if it fails in that, the power of the written word will always be supreme. So while traditional media’s old channels – print and broadcast – are floundering, their online properties are thriving. In fact, I’d argue that the influence of traditional media outlets like theNew York Times and CNN are greater than ever. The internet and social networking sites have given traditional media outlets an audience beyond their once limited geographies. For example, take the Boston Globe. By all rights the Boston Globe’s circulation is in free fall. New England’s largest daily newspapers once bragged about a circulation of more than 700,000 and now finds itself below 300,000. There is little doubt that the print product for the Boston Globe is heading to obsolescence. But look at its other â€Å"new† delivery channels: * Boston.com receives an average of 4.2 million unique views per month in 2010. More than 5.500 other sites link to its content * The Boston Globe has more than a dozen Twitter channels – from books and movies to the Bruins and local news – that is followed by tens of thousands of people * The Boston Globe Facebook page has more than 6,500 people liking it The Boston Globe is also providing video and audio content. It even has a free smart phone application. Their audience is actually greater now than it has ever been. These new channels will continue to grow. So while traditional outlets are still struggling to fully monetize these new channels – they have jumped into online and social channels in a big way. People are getting their news on different channels (and in different formats), but they are still relying on traditional media outlets to deliver it to them. Traditional media – new and old alike – are reinventing journalism and news delivery. Don’t forget that. Media outlets still pack an enormous audience and have an even greater ability to influence people – from what books to read to what products to buy. Media relations isn’t dying – it’s just moving online and onto social networks. The media industry has always adapted to meet the changing needs of advertisers and to incorporate new technologies into their service and product offerings. Over the last two decades this industry has changed at a breakneck pace that is no longer a series of adjustments but a wholesale evolution of the industry. New media have entered the arena while others have been forced to evolve to avoid becoming obsolete. These changes have been driven by advancements in technology, consumer media usage and the almighty dollar. Perhaps no media has been more challenged by these changes than print. While print media has been the hardest hit, talk of its extinction is premature and ignores the fact that it has and continues to play a significant role in consumer marketing. Print media is here to stay but its form and role will never be the same again. Like all media forms, print has evolved over time and has been undergoing a period of considerable change that began prior to the recent recession. Newspaper ad revenues have been experiencing significant decline since 2001 while penetration has been declining in many key segments since the early 1970’s (see chart). This decline has been less pronounced with readers age 55+. As more tech-savvy baby boomers reach retirement, the decline seen in younger segments will likely be matched by the older segments. In order to combat the decline in all age groups, print media has diversified their offerings and taken steps to acquire new readers while cutting costs. Nearly all newspaper and magazine publishers have added complementary websites to their offering. In an effort to attract younger readers major publishers such as the Tribune and Sun-Times Media Group launched free circulation newspapers geared towards their target audience. Magazines such as Road Track and Sports Illustrated have provided unsolicited free 6 month subscriptions followed by a renewal subscription contact strategy thereby providing a free trail. In an effort to cut costs, some publications have abandoned long standing formats. On February 8th 2010 the Chicago Tribune trimmed its traditional broadsheet format to reduce costs and changed their editorial ratio as part of their bankruptcy agreement. As print revenues continue to decline profits are improving and should it be determined that these acquisition efforts and format changes played a key role, it is likely that other publications around the country will follow. Online advertising has benefited from regular techn ological advances and has become a mainstream advertising medium now representing 12% of total ad spending compared to 34.6% for print. [1] The explosive growth of online advertising has tapered off and for the first time experienced negative growth in the first quarter of 2009. Internet advertising spend grew 37.5% between 2005 and 2008 while print declined 29.9% over the same period.[2] However, the decline of print has not been made up by growth in online advertising. Changes in the media industry have impacted the two primary components of print media in different ways. For a long time, newspapers enjoyed the highest penetration levels of any media. This began to change with the introduction of television and its increased usage. Over the past two decades this evolution has been most impacted by a culture that thrives in convenience and demands their information in â€Å"real-time†. These have never been the strengths of print but proclamations that print is dead ignore prints strengths. These strengths have begun to show their worth as online advertising has failed to carry the same perceived value that even the wounded print industry maintains to this day. The very nature of the internet makes it impossible to completely replace print media. Print retains characteristics not replicable through vehicles: browsability, credibility, tangibility, size, inserts, ad impact, ad content, and usability. Print will have to redefine its niche, purpose and approach, but it has been a proven vehicle for marketing communication and the differentiating strengths it retains will help it survive. The internet has only partially succeeded at supplanting print as a news source. Journalism has been supplanted, in part, by blogs, and independent sources that lack both the clout and professional reputation of long standing institution such as the Wall Street Journal. Advertisers also have a vested interest in seeing print survive. The ability to reach large numbers of baby boomers and older consumers, with their considerable spending power through a tangible vehicle, will help support print through this transition period. There is no doubt media is undergoing a metamorphosis. For print, this future is unclear but the overall demise of print media is grossly exaggerated. Print is undoubtedly undergoing a significant change, one that will redefine its niche and better position it for the future. Media has always adapted to the needs and desires of its consumers and advertisers and this change is no different. Only time will tell the fate of print, but that fate is far from decided.