Heart of Darkness Imperialism, Hegemony, and Othering

Narrative of Thought I remember when I first read Heart of Darkness. I was a sophomore in high school when I had been required to read it. I remember when I got it. I thought to myself that it might be a cool book. I read the first five pages and wanted to throw it the window. It was confusing, frustrating and a little weird. Eventually I did read it. The more I read the more it made sense. When I finished it, I was still a little confused, but I understood it better. I would not say that the exact word imperialism came to my mind when I thought about Heart of Darkness. Granted back then I did not really understand the word imperialism. I did know that I was repulsed by what the Europeans were really doing in the Congo. I just did not†¦show more content†¦Besides that, they had given them [Africans] every week three pieces of brass wire, each about nine inches long†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (178). Marlow then talks about how useless it was; unless they planned to actually eat the wire or bend it into fishhooks, they would have no food. He later ponders why, the cannibals, do not attack. After all, they threw the hippo meat overboard because of greed and selfishness. Indeed, the cannibals were in some ways more civil than the pilgrims. They could have killed the pilgrims anytime they wanted. However, they seemed to have a secret humanity in them. Perhaps it was because they were not corrupted by greed or power. This says a lot about the Europeans. T hrough out the novel, the European’s attitude constantly reminds us that if there is something for them to gain from, then they do not care who they trample on to get to it. Another example for imperialism is â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, but there is also evidence that there is othering and hegemony. However, the story mostly centers on hegemony. In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, the narrator was pressured to shoot the elephant in order to be accepted by the natives. Orwell did not want to shoot the elephant but felt pressured to in order to maintain his rank of power and respect. Orwell ends up shooting the elephant because he does not want to lose even more respect and look idiotic. If he had not killed the elephant, but simply walked away, he wouldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of S Americanah Through A Post Colonial Prism4297 Words   |  18 Pagesnationally allegorical (69), an assertion spectacularly assailed by Aijaz Ahmad (77-82). But it is possible to close our eyes to Ahmad’s very valid misgivings and take a bird’s eye view of Jameson’s assertion: read in reaction to the phenomenon of imperialism, perhaps the literature of dominated peoples is the literature of self-assertion, however blind to Jameson’s national allegorical (or anticolonial) imperative, and however â€Å"hybrid†. That last expression might as well be a fair summation of post-colonialismRead MoreThe White Man s Burden By Rudyard Kipling10612 Words   |  43 Pagesattached to analyse the text. Having an eye on these approaches, this section offers a critical thinking about the nature of the relationship between the British and the Indians. 2.1 The Indian Landscape and the Sense of Displacement As in Heart of Darkness, the Indian landscape appears very hostile to the colonisers as if it conspires and plots against them. It depicts their socio-psychological dilemma in the foreign land and the traumatic influences of their colonial system. It resists and fightsRead MoreA Passage Of India And The Relations Of Power10531 Words   |  43 Pagesduring the tension between the Indians and the British during the British Occupation of Indi. It underlines the problematic relationship of the British colonial context and the colonised Indians. The relationship between the two nations is that of hegemony and power. India, as Ahmad Abu Baker believes in his â€Å"Rethinking Identity: The Coloniser in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India†, is very ‘hostile to the colonisers, fighting them and intensifying their feelings of alienation and exile’ (Abu Baker

Gender Disparities An Examination On Why Bread Winners...

Gendered Disparities; An Examination on Why Bread-Winners Suck In the fall of 2009, Alison Jaggar wrote a paper detailing the struggles that females face in society titled â€Å"Transitional Cycles of Gendered Vulnerability; A Prologue to a Theory of Gendered Global Justice.† After reading and analyzing her work, I would like to counter-argue against her denial that the effects that typical family roles play in society, specifically in regards to the upper and middle class; that men should be the breadwinners and women should be the caregivers. We live in a world where all different types of people face injustice and receive less opportunity in the workforce because of the way that society is set up. Since before we even immigrated to the New World, men have been the workers, whereas women have been domesticated. Today, if a wife were to be divorced from her spouse, she would not have as much working experience as her husband, because she had played the domestic role at home; taking care of children, cleaning, keeping bills on track, etc. It’s due to this that women rarely get a taste of what it’s like to work in some of the higher paying jobs. Furthermore, in a typical family role, men go on to make the money of the house, the children are educated and told to pursue their careers. However, when discussing children’s family roles, the son typically goes on to be the scholar and to seek the higher paying job that could be offered to him, whereas the woman is encouraged to pursue

Information System in Accounting Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Information System in Accounting. Answer: Application of Information System in Accounting Accounting Information system refers to a tool which collects, processes, store and distributes accounting information which can then be used to take financial decisions, forecasting and investment decisions. Accounting Information Systems generally utilizes computer appliances to run and function effectively (Hall 2012). Nowadays Accounting Information System have really become popular in business and most of the businesses utilizes such a system. The system depends on the nature of the business, volume of transactions taking place, organizational structure of the company and other similar factors. Generally, businesses use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, Integrated Packages of Computer programs, System software like tally, excel, Cloud Computing. Impacts on Accounting Practices As the traditional method of recording transaction are no longer in much use, the new information systems in accounting have positive impacts on the whole accounting process. The most basic impact is that the it has simplified the whole of accounting process (Sajady, Dastgir and Nejad 2012). With the change of one entry all the necessary changes happen automatically in case of accounting information system such as ERP and other computer system software. Moreover, with the introduction of information systems in accounting procedures there has been an ease in operations where most of the critical work are done by the system and software and the results can then be printed out. In addition to this there is accuracy in the calculations provided the inputs are correct and there is no omission. In order to fully take advantage of such new software and system, accounting professional needs to have adequate knowledge of the software or system which they are or will operate. Therefore, accoun ting professionals needs to train themselves in information systems which is used by the company. Moreover, accounting professionals needs to have full knowledge of the system they are operating in order to solve any problems which may arise and get the desired results. References Hall, J.A., 2012.Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Sajady, H., Dastgir, M. and Nejad, H.H., 2012. Evaluation of the effectiveness of accounting information systems.International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM),6(2), pp.49-59.

Criminal Law. R V Blaue free essay sample

The defendant inflicted serious stab wounds on the deceased who, knowing she would be likely to die as a result, refused a blood transfusion because she was a Jehovahs Witness and accepting anothers blood was against her religion. The defendant claimed that her refusal to accept the blood transfusion broke the chain of causation between his conduct and her death. Extract There have been two cases in recent years which have some bearing on this topic: R v Jordan and R v Smith. In R v Jordan the Court of Criminal Appeal, after conviction, admitted some medical evidence which went to prove that the cause of death was not the blow relied on by the prosecution but abnormal medical treatment after admission to hospital. This case has been criticised but it was probably rightly decided on its facts. Before the abnormal treatment started the injury had almost healed. We share Lord Parker CJs opinion ([1959] 2 All ER at 198, [1959] 2 QB at 43) that R v Jordan should be regarded as a case decided on its own special facts and not as an authority relaxing the common law approach to causation. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Law. R V Blaue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only if it can be said that the original wounding is merely the setting in which another cause operates can it be said that the death does not result from the wound. Putting it in another way, only if the second cause is so overwhelming as to make the original wound merely part of the history can it be said that death does not flow from the wound. The physical cause of death in [the instant] case was the bleeding into the pleural cavity arising from the penetration of the lung. This had not been brought about by any decision made by the deceased girl but by the stab wound. Counsel for the appellant tried to overcome this line of reasoning by submitting that the jury should have been directed that if they thought the girls decision not to have a blood transfusion was an unreasonable one, then the chain of causation would have been broken. At once the question arises reasonable by whose standards? Those of Jehovahs Witnesses? Humanists? Roman Catholics? Protestants of Anglo-Saxon descent? The man on the Clapham omnibus? But he might well be an admirer of Eleazar who suffered death rather than eat the flesh of swinef or of Sir Thomas Moore who, unlike nearly all his contemporaries, was unwilling to accept Henry VIII as Head of the Church in England. Those brought up in the Hebraic and Christian traditions would probably be reluctant to accept that these martyrs caused their own deaths. As was pointed out to counsel for the appellant in the course of argument, two cases, each raising the same issue of reasonableness because of religious beliefs, could produce different verdicts depending on where the cases were tried. A jury drawn from Preston, sometimes said to be the most Catholic town in England, might have different views about martyrdom to one drawn from the inner suburbs of London. Counsel for the appellant accepted that this might be so; it was, he said, inherent in trial by jury. It is not inherent in the common law as expounded by Sir Matthew Hale and Maule J. It has long been the policy of the law that those who use violence on other people must take their victims as they find them. This in our judgment means the whole man, not just the physical man. It does not lie in the mouth of the assailant to say that his victims religious beliefs which inhibited him from accepting certain kinds of treatment were unreasonable. The question for decision is what caused her death. The answer is the stab wound. The fact that the victim refused to stop this end coming about did not break the causal connection between the act and death. If a victims personal representatives claim compensation for his death the concept of foreseeability can operate in favour of the wrongdoer in the ssessment of such compensation; the wrong doer is entitled to expect his victim to mitigate his damage by accepting treatment of a normal kind: see Steele v R George amp; Co Ltd. As counsel for the Crown pointed out, the criminal law is concerned with the maintenance of law and order and the protection of the public generally. A policy of the common law applicable to the settlement of tortious liability between subjects may not be, and in our judgment is not, appropriat e for the criminal law. The issue of the cause of death in a trial for either murder or manslaughter is one of fact for the jury to decide. But if, as in this case, there is no conflict of evidence and all the jury has to do is to apply the law to the admitted facts, the judge is entitled to tell the jury what the result of that application will be. In this case the judge would have been entitled to have told the jury that the appellants stab wound was an operative cause of death.

10 Ways for Writers to Avoid Distractions and Improve Productivity - The Writers For Hire

10 WAYS FOR WRITERS TO AVOID DISTRACTIONS AND IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY Do you ever sit down to work, only to realize hours later that you have gotten very little done? You feel like you have been busy all day, yet you have not made much progress in the manuscript you are writing, and have not even started the newsletter you are supposed to send out. If you answered yes, you are not alone. With the ever growing and changing presence of technology, it’s no surprise that we are feeling like our work never ends. After all, communication is no longer something that is done only face-to-face, and workdays no longer fit within a 9-5 schedule. Because of this, more and more people are constantly plugged in at all hours. And that constant communication provides a constant distraction from the work that needs to be done. As a writer who works remotely, and in a different time zone from my co-workers, it’s not unusual for work-related emails to appear in my inbox after-hours (or on the weekends). And given the fact that modern technology has allowed for remote offices to become a common thing, it is not unusual for companies to have employees not only within different time zones, but in different countries around the world. That equates to a lot of business being done at all hours of the day. Emails are far from the worst culprits of distraction, though. In fact, studies have found that Smartphones are the most distracting thing in human history at this point. And distraction is the number one effectiveness killer. So, how can we battle these constant distractions and improve productivity? According to this article from LADDERS, the answer can be found in 10 simple changes we can make. Some of their suggestions, such as turning off the notifications on your phone and writing down the tasks that need to be completed, may seem like common sense. But, have you considered wearing the same clothes every day or scheduling your coffee breaks at a later time? Or, how about ditching your office and doing your work from the local coffee shop instead? While these suggestions may surprise you, they are tried-and-true ways to trick your brain into being more productive. So, next time you find yourself procrastinating and giving in to the distractions around you, give some of these a try! And let us know how it goes.

Free Essays on Henry David Thoreau And “Walden”

Henry David Thoreau writes â€Å"Walden† with the intention of arousing emotion and making his fellow men and readers aware of themselves and the world that surrounds them. He wants to reach us on a number of different levels. He wants to reach his readers on a spiritual, emotional, and intellectual level. He wants to wake up his fellow readers and ignite their consciousness. He does this by focusing on trends and beliefs that he finds in Concord in his time, that ironically are very telling of our time. Thoreau focuses on the mainstream idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and openly criticizes it and its impact on society. Thoreau tells us that the less we have the better off we will be. He tells the audience that wealth only hinders one as a person because it traps that person into a sort of inverse ownership. For example, he begins talking about shelter. Thoreau recognizes that a person needs shelter and so they must seek a shelter that requires the least amount of work and time, so that you leave yourself time for other things like reading, thinking, or doing whatever it is that makes you happy. In one statement Thoreau says â€Å"Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that they must have such a one as their neighbors have.† Henry David makes a point of laying before his readers several levels that he wants his readers to think about. These levels include intellectual, spiritual, and emotional levels. In dealing with the intellectual level, Thoreau talks about how he economizes his time so that he has plenty of it to spend on thinking and writing. The spiritual level does not concern God really, but rather making a connection with oneself and the physical world around that person, whether it is with human interaction or with Nature. The emotional level Thoreau talks about deals mostly with coming to terms with oneself and bel... Free Essays on Henry David Thoreau And â€Å"Walden† Free Essays on Henry David Thoreau And â€Å"Walden† Henry David Thoreau writes â€Å"Walden† with the intention of arousing emotion and making his fellow men and readers aware of themselves and the world that surrounds them. He wants to reach us on a number of different levels. He wants to reach his readers on a spiritual, emotional, and intellectual level. He wants to wake up his fellow readers and ignite their consciousness. He does this by focusing on trends and beliefs that he finds in Concord in his time, that ironically are very telling of our time. Thoreau focuses on the mainstream idea of the â€Å"American Dream† and openly criticizes it and its impact on society. Thoreau tells us that the less we have the better off we will be. He tells the audience that wealth only hinders one as a person because it traps that person into a sort of inverse ownership. For example, he begins talking about shelter. Thoreau recognizes that a person needs shelter and so they must seek a shelter that requires the least amount of work and time, so that you leave yourself time for other things like reading, thinking, or doing whatever it is that makes you happy. In one statement Thoreau says â€Å"Most men appear never to have considered what a house is, and are actually though needlessly poor all their lives because they think that they must have such a one as their neighbors have.† Henry David makes a point of laying before his readers several levels that he wants his readers to think about. These levels include intellectual, spiritual, and emotional levels. In dealing with the intellectual level, Thoreau talks about how he economizes his time so that he has plenty of it to spend on thinking and writing. The spiritual level does not concern God really, but rather making a connection with oneself and the physical world around that person, whether it is with human interaction or with Nature. The emotional level Thoreau talks about deals mostly with coming to terms with oneself and bel...

Delegates and Electors in the United States Assignment

Delegates and Electors in the United States - Assignment Example Electors, however, are people that represent a state’s electoral votes for president and vice president after the presidential election is held (Janda, 48). Delegates are selected from all states either through primary elections, caucuses or even for their prominence in the party. In this regard, the delegates of a particular political party will vote in a presidential candidate who they feel has the party’s best interests. They also consider the competitiveness and the likelihood of the candidate to give the party a win in the general election. On the other hand, electors are chosen by voters from the fifty States plus the District of Columbia and total up to 538. The candidate who receives a majority of the elector’s votes becomes the president and his/her running mate the vice president. Each of the two sets of groups, the delegates and electors, play a decisive part in selecting the president of the United States. The delegates are crucial in the nomination of a political party’s presidential candidate and therefore significantly influence the option presented to the people in the general election. Candidates become the official party flag bearers after a vote is taken by the particular party’s delegates to the presidential nominating conventions. The delegates, in so doing take their cue from the voters' decision during the party primaries and caucuses. It is important to note that the rules for selecting delegates vary by party; by state, and also by congressional district. The electors are too necessary to be assumed as well. It is the electors that decide for the People who the president of the United States of America will be in an election. Each state has a number of electors that is equivalent to the number of both the senators and representatives combined. On the day of elections, voters in each state, choose electors based on their preferred presidential candidates. It is these elected people, forming the Electoral College, that vote for the president and the vice president, with each elector casting one single vote. Â   Â  

Imperial China 1600 to 1900 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imperial China 1600 to 1900 - Research Paper Example Therefore the imperial China from 1600-1900 is defined by about 44 years under the Ming dynasty and the rest under the Qing dynasty. The period from 1600 to 1644 marked the downfall of the Ming dynasty, which had earlier established a strong internal governance system in the country. Threats from external imperialists who partitioned and reduced the Chinese territory and devastating earthquake strained the Ming dynasty greatly and it eventually succumbed to the Qing dynasty. According to Johan, one of the most enduring remnant of the Ming dynasty is the China’s Great Wall that was strategically build to protect the country from foreign invaders(73). On ascending to power, the Qing dynasty made drastic changes in the social and political system of the country. Initially it concentrated on reviving the social economy and this required changes on previous structures that had been entrenched by the Ming dynasty. The reforms strengthened the central governance and the imperial rulings (Elman and Woodside 63). Johan notes that by the mid of 18 century China had achieved remarkable economic and scientific developments credited to prudent economic and political administration by the Qing rulers (104). China experienced a long period of peace and stability after the Qing dynasty ascended to power. This enabled expansion of Chinese society in virtually all realms. For instance, the population grew tremendously and other economic sectors developed (Susan 86). In addition, China opened its borders to international trade becoming a trading partner of several European countries, including Great Britain. China was an important source of silk, tea and porcelain (Susan 99). During Qing dynasty, the influence of Chinese art spread in the western countries and other trading partners. Moreover, China expanded its territory courtesy of a

Libertarian Use of Punishment to Show Free Will Essay

Libertarian Use of Punishment to Show Free Will - Essay Example Libertarianism is the view that we have free will. Free will is an act based on a reason that an agent takes to choose an action from a range of alternatives (O’Connor, 2011). How choices transpire made at times of differing motives might agree with the increase of quantum indeterminism in individuals’ brains. Following my first premise, libertarians deem that we may hold individuals morally accountable only if they exercise free will, a person can freely choose to take an action, making them responsible, morally. This makes that person free and ethically responsible because they have taken a choice that is undetermined. Regardless of the undetermined choices they put forward, few libertarians will assert to offer an episteme justification that persons did take that kind of choices.   Libertarians decide the degree of harshness that is assigned to a individual whose moral responsibility has been established to the acceptable standards of the society. However, they to agree that assigning those difficult characteristic of moral responsibility to individuals who does not believe in libertarian free will is to take action wrongly. Hence justifying my premise that punishment bestowed by free willed libertarian can only be done to a believer of the same, in order to be deemed right. The second premise argues that that majority of libertarians deem that we should hold individuals morally responsible. Holding an individual morally responsible take account of a range of behaviours; that may be either positive or negative. Examples include: verbal accusation, praise and blame and retributive penalty. Libertarians differ among themselves over deciding how much of that assortment moral responsibility comprise. However, due to the fact that even the smallest of undesirable behaviour harms people, libertarians use the obligation of moral responsibility as a justification to turns otherwise immoral behaviour into punishable action (Double).  Some libertaria ns however have more to their thoughts on punishment. Mark Balaguer (1999) argues that there is enough grounds for believing alternative are undetermined as we do for supposing they are determined. He argues that nobody knows exactly how the human brain works. But his argument fails to give reason to establish that brains make undermined choices gives room to believe we do make choices based our free will. Robert Kane (1996, 1999) takes an alternative view other libertarians stating that Kanian free choosers may only have partial control over their choices. His implies that they are only, to some degree, morally responsible for their deeds. Because Kane’s theory makes indeterministic choices rely upon a indeterminate quantum actions, he concede that Kanian free individuals lack control over what they choose. Kane’s view would not be shared by traditional libertarians precisely because his argument of having less control over actions taken fails to support the responsib ility that libertarians wish to assign. Doing this would make it difficult to give emphasize on the importance to libertarians of mitigating the practices of making a person responsible morally for his deeds.   The strongest argument raised against libertarian argument to use punishment to show free will is the proportionality rule. The proportionality rule gives us how much penalty a claimant may exact to a wrong doer, and no more;

Why Did Germany Lose The First World War History Essay

Why Did Germany Lose The First World War History Essay The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was a trigger to World War One, but according to many historians, they claim that Germany is responsible for the war. Prior to the war, tension built up among nations. With the race for superiority a war was bound to happen. Most European countries made alliances with each other, thus pulling Germany with its allies: Austria Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire into the war. By the end of the war, Germanys economy was bankrupted. Germany and its allies lost the war with the Treaty of Versailles, by signing it on June 28, 1919. Given that Germany was the cause of the war, it was more at risk of losing the war. Germany failed to succeed in World War One because of three main reasons, the failure of the Schlieffen plan, nationalism, and the allies effective use of attrition warfare. The failure of the Schlieffen plan caused Germanys plan to fight a two front war almost impossible. The Schlieffen plan was thought of by Alfred Von Schlieffen, and modified by von Moltke (who was in charge of this operation), and it was a strategic plan for victory while fighting two fronts. Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm II fought a two-front war against French, British, Belgian, and Americans on the Western Front and at the same time Germany was fighting the Russians on the Eastern Front, until Russias participation in the war ended on March 3, 1918 with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Germany did not have a sufficient amount of troops to be sent to both fronts, and food was limited. Another factor that caused the failure of the Schlieffen plan was Belgian resistance and the entrance of Britain into the war. One August 4th 1914, Britain declared war on France when they invaded Belgium. Germany did not expect Britain, the great empire to join and therefore were worried. Moreover the spe ed of Russian mobilization was unexpected and they gained land in Eastern Prussia sooner than planned. At the beginning of the war, Russia was not a huge threat to Germany and its allies because of their humiliation at the failure of the Russo-Japanese war. However, Russia gained territory quickly and moved closer towards Berlin. Before World War One, Germany believed that they were a great power, and therefore nationalism was at its highest point, however between 1916 and 1917, nationalistic views were starting to take a downturn. In these two years, a lot of lives were lost and the term stalemate was present. The Battle of Jutland was the largest sea battle of the entire war. It occurred in 1916 and it was one of Germanys only chance to weaken Great Britains royal navy, hence the wars nickname; the Battle of Lost Opportunities. The German counterattack failed because their plans were discovered by Russians, thus this battle was a disaster for the Germans, which caused their fleet to not leave the German ports until 1918, as a result giving the British navy domination of the seas. This disappointed the Germans, and lowered German nationalism. Another battle in 1916 named the Battle of Verdun was a disastrous battle fought by the Germans. A win after this battle was impossible after a loss of 430,000 soldiers . In this battle, the French effectively sent the Germans back to their starting point. The French were delighted from their success while German nationalism continually decreased. In 1917, the third battle of Ypres was a huge success for the Germans, despite this success the German self-confidence was already low, and the accomplishment did not increase nationalism significantly. Furthermore, the fact that Germany sent the Zimmerman note to Mexico in 1917, created a strong enemy for Germany and its allies. The telegram stated that if Germany and the United States were to go to war, Mexico would ally with Germany and as a result of this alliance Germany would aid Mexico into regaining the territories of Arizona, Texas and New Mexico. While some historians thought it was intended for America to join the war others thought of it as a method to distract America. As soon as the people realized that Germany lured America into joining the war, German morale vanished. The allies effective use of attrition warfare throughout the war wore out German troops which forced them to surrender. The term attrition warfare is a strategic concept that to win a war, ones enemy must be worn down to the point of collapse by continuous losses in personnel and materiel.  [1]  One method of wearing out the enemy that the British used was The British Naval Blockade. The blockade of German ports starting in 1914 soon resulted in shortages of food, oil, rubber, and fertilizers. This restricted maritime supply of raw materials and foodstuffs to Germany and its allies. Starvation was a key issue for the Germans during the Great War, soldiers and people in Germany starved and possibly died. This continued to the point until strikes were made in German industries in the winter of 1918 which pressured the government to break the blockade or end the war. After the war, claims are made by historians that the North Sea naval blockade was a primary factor in the collapse o f the Central Powers.  [2]  Furthermore the Ludendorff Offensive of 1918 was Germanys final chance for victory, but failed because Germany and its allies were too worn out to continue. This offensive was a series of attacks along the Western Front. The Ludendorff Offensive marked The United States entrance into World War One. Each month, America sent in new troops to face the central powers. After a length of time Germany was unable to fight back because, unlike the Americans it could not send a new group of soldiers to Paris. Consequently, Germany and its allies were too worn out to continue the war because of the British naval blockade, and the new supply of Americans every month. In conclusion, three factors affected the downfall of Germany during the Great War, the Schlieffen plan, nationalism, and the use of attrition warfare. The Germans were not able to fight on two fronts, and therefore could not fully participate during the rest of the war because of their stoppage in the beginning of the war. As battles were lost, the people of the Central Powers were disappointed and worried which contradicted their views from the beginning of the war. This lowered nationalism, especially in Germany greatly. Lastly, Germany could not handle the blockade and the entrance of the U.S.A. This tired German troops to the extent that they were incapable of continuing. If these factors had not been present it could have been possible for Germany and its allies to win the Great War.

Shakespeare on Machiavelli: The Prince in Richard III Essay -- Richa

Shakespeare on Machiavelli:   The Prince in Richard III   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to many, Shakespeare intentionally portrays Richard III in ways that would have the world hail him as the ultimate Machiavel.   This build up only serves to further the dramatic irony when Richard falls from his throne.   The nature of Richard's character is key to discovering the commentary Shakespeare is delivering on the nature of tyrants.   By setting up Richard to be seen as the ultimate Machiavel, only to have him utterly destroyed, Shakespeare makes a dramatic commentary on the frailty of tyranny and such men as would aspire to tyrannical rule.    From the outset of the play, it is obvious that Richard subscribes to the majority of the Machiavellian principles.   Certainly, he is not ashamed or afraid to plot heinous murder, and he does so with an ever-present false front.   "I do mistake my person all this while,"1 he muses, plotting Anne's death minutes after having won her hand.   He will not even entertain the ideas in public, demanding they "Dive...down to [his] soul."2 He knows that he must be cunning and soulless to succeed in his tasks.   Richard also knows it is essential to guard against the hatred of the populace, as Machiavelli warned.      He breeds anger in Clarence and the populace, not of himself, but of Edward and the rightful heirs.   "We are not safe, Clarence, we are not safe,"3 he exclaims as his brother is hauled away to the tower. He preys on the "hateful luxury And bestial appetite"4 of the citizenry, catapulting himself to the thrown over a heap of bodies: deaths that hang on his head.   But, it is Richard's attitude that his end goal of the crown justifies the murderous means that so closely links ... ...t meet Shakespeare's demands the chances are slim.   He must be a paradox: amoral and god fearing.    1 Act I. Sc. II. Ln. 257 2 Act I. Sc. I. Ln. 40 3 Act I. Sc. I. Ln. 70 4 Act III. Sc. V. Ln. 79-80 5 Act IV. Sc. II. Ln. 60-5 6 Act I. Sc. II. Ln. 125-8 7 Act IV. Sc. IV. Ln. 51-2 8 Act IV. Sc. IV. Ln. 397-400 9 Act V. Sc. III. Ln. 179 10 Act V. Sc. III. Ln. 201-2 11 Act I. Sc. I. Ln. 1 12 Act I. Sc. I. Ln. 20 13 Act I. Sc. I. Ln. 28, 30    Works Cited and Consulted: Nicole Machiavelli,   The Prince, pp. 359-386.   Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998. Ornstein, Richard.   "Richard III."   Richard III.   New York: Signet Classic, 1988.   239-264. Shakespeare, William. Richard III. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997), 515-600.

Painting Compare & Contrast Essay

In the painting, Brooklyn Bridge by Joseph Stella and the photo Brooklyn Bridge by Walker Evans a comparison of the two artistic figures, colors utilized, perception, painting verses film, and the mood each creates reveals that the oil on canvas that Joseph Stella is the more interesting presentation of the Brooklyn Bridge. The two artists portray the same subject in two totally different ways that change the mind and artistic finding of their audiences. The painting and the film depict the same bridge with different artistic views. The painting by Joseph Stella uses an assortment of colors while the film by Walker Evans is black and white. The film depicts a more realistic representation of the Brooklyn Bridge, while the painting embodies a more creative aspect of the Brooklyn Bridge. The colors Stella chose to use are a variety of different shades of blue, green, yellow, white, black, purple, and red. While using colors, the artist has the ability to create an entirely imaginative illustration of their focus. When Evans chose to use a black and white Gelatin silver print depiction of the Brooklyn Bridge, he restricted his ability to create an artistic view of it because he is only able to capture exactly what is seen through the lens of the camera. Evans was able to be creative by the choice of using black and white. The colors used in the film by Evans and the painting by Stella also create the mood of their audience. Stella uses vibrant and bright colors, which set an exciting and happy mood for the individual who is looking at it. When using bright colors, Stella was able to captivate her audience and make them feel welcome and blissful. Whenever eyes see something bright and colorful, a person’s mood can change in such a positive way. The vibrant colors chosen gave the audience the ability to see the Brooklyn Bridge in such a positive  light. Evans chose to use black and white, which creates a dull and dark mood for an audience. Black and white photos have the tendency to alter the audience’s mood and turn for the negative. When looking at Evans film of the Brooklyn Bridge, it appears to be dark, gloomy, and sad looking. The black and white colors chosen give off such negative vibes and can make an audience never want to visit the Brooklyn Bridge because of the mood it illustr ates. Perspective plays a major role in an artist’s demonstration of their focus and their ability to show off their skills. The use of the worm’s view gives a different perspective of the same subject because of the placement and angle that comes from such. Stella’s use of the worm’s eye view gives the audience an asymmetrical and distinctive perspective of the Brooklyn Bridge that one would usually not see if they were to look at other images of such. Evans use of the birds eye perspective tends to take away from the creativity of the image because if they were to go visit the Brooklyn Bridge in person, they would not see that same view. Perspective is vital because it tends to give the audience a different angle method and also gives the audience a chance to fathom while viewing the artwork. The difference in perspectives in this instance, create two diverse interpretations of the bridge. The bird’s eye view Evans chose to use constructs the height and length in a non-realistic manner, generating a distant viewpoint. The worm’s eye view in Stella’s painting provides the audience a realistic vision of the size of the bridge by exhibiting length and height at a particular angle. In the painting, Brooklyn Bridge by Joseph Stella and the photo Brooklyn Bridge by Walker Evans a comparison of the two artistic figures, colors utilized, perception, painting verses film, and the mood each creates reveals that the oil on canvas that Joseph Stella is the more interesting presentation of the Brooklyn Bridge. The two artists portray the same subject in two totally different ways that change the mind and artistic finding of their audiences. The artists were completely different in the ideas and effects used to depict the Brooklyn Bridge. They were both able to show their skills and artistic ability. Evans symmetrical, black and white,  life like film, and Stella’s vibrant bright colors, asymmetric painting were great depictions of the same Brooklyn Bridge. Work Cited Evans, Walker. â€Å"Brooklyn Bridge, New York, 1929.† Picturing America. Ed. Meredith Hindley. Washington: National Endowment for the Humanities, 2008. 69. Print. Stella, Joseph. â€Å"Brooklyn Bridge.† Picturing America. Ed. Meredith Hindley. Washington: National Endowment for the Humanities, 2008. 69. Print.

Colors in Great Gatsby essays

Colors in Great Gatsby essays THE COLORS IN THE GREAT GATSBY In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, the author uses colors to symbolize various scenes and the moods of different characters. Each of the colors has a specific meaning, and the author does an excellent job in assigning these colors to specific characters and situations. The author uses the color green most often, and in most cases it symbolizes feelings related to loneliness and jealousy. In addition to the color green, the author also uses the color white to signify wealth, and the color yellow to relate to aging and decaying. The color gold relates to money and power, and the color black represents negativity. Almost all the chapters include the color green, and green does not always symbolize the same thing. It relates to many different relations, such as loneliness, envy, anger, and death. In the beginning of the book, we first notice green as the color of the light in front of Daisys house. Since her house is across the bay from Gatsbys house, he can see and feel her presence. The green light in Gatsbys house also symbolizes loneliness because it is turned on while the Saturday parties are held, but when Daisy starts visiting him, the green light disappears because Gatsby is no longer lonely. Green also stands for envy. Gatsby is a dominant figure in this book, and the fact that he obtains his wealth at such a young age makes many jealous of him. As Nick describes his car, It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length (65). We notice that he envies him for not having that sort of luxurious car, and the green leather interior symbolizes t his envy. Tom is also jealous of Gatsby. He shows his jealousy by driving Gatsbys car because it is better than his own. Another sign of Toms jealousy is the green mint julep that they drink in the Plaza ...

Leadership in The Police Force Essay Sample

Leadership in The Police Force Essay Sample Leadership in The Police Force Sociology Essay Leadership in The Police Force Sociology Essay Leadership is the capacity of humans to guide or, in other words, lead other employees, teams, and even entire organizations with the primary purpose to reach some objectives or missions. In simple words, despite the enormous amount of controversial approaches to leadership, this concept is directly connected with the raising of an individual’s performance to extremely high standards. It is important to note the fact that leadership is significant in diverse spheres of human occupations, including police. The given research paper aims to determine and assess the impact of effective leadership on police performance, morale, and production. Moreover, much attention will be paid to the positive influence of several leadership styles on police officers. General Overview of Leadership Styles Nowadays, the researchers differentiate several dozens of leadership styles that are based either on individual work or collaborative team performance. However, the most common and, at the same time, the most recognized are five of them, including transformational, transactional, participative, autocratic, and, finally, laissez-faire leaders. At the same time, many researchers claim that the most widespread and influential types of leaders are as follows: transactional, democratic, laissez-faire, authoritarian, and paternalistic. Taking into consideration the nature of authoritarian or, in other words, autocratic leadership style, it is important to stress that this type of leadership is based on strict supervision and control. Authoritarian leaders support the idea that excessive and direct supervision is a key factor that contributes to efficient performance. A strict police officer that penalizes even minor offenders for speeding violation is a bright example of the communicative behavior of authoritarian leaders (Campbell Kodz, 2011). Taking into consideration the nature of democratic leadership, it should be stated that these leaders usually impress their subordinates with their incredible decision-making abilities. Democratic leaders are enthusiastic proponents of the idea that social equality between leaders and their subordinates influences the success of entire businesses or occupations. In general, positive traits of good democratic leaders are as follows: honesty, competence, intelligence, inspiration, courage, increased motivation, and imagination (Campbell Kodz, 2011). Laissez-faire leadership style gives employees a chance to manifest their strengths and weaknesses. One of the main disadvantages of this leadership style is connected with insufficient direction or guidance of the followers. Consequently, this leadership style results in the lack of the employees’ productivity, self-rule, and failure to meet organizational needs. Despite numerous advantages of laissez-faire leadership style, this type of leadership may lead to the downfall in case subordinate employees feel insecure or are unreliable and indifferent workers (Campbell Kodz, 2011). A paternalistic leader feels complete concern and cares for subordinates or followers. In this case, the relationships between co-workers and leaders are extremely warm, sincere, and solid. In order to motivate the employees, paternalistic leaders refer to such effective means as trust, cooperation, equity, and loyalty to subordinates. Finally, according to the nature of transactional leaders, it is important to note that these leaders use the system of rewards and punishments to motivate their employees. Also, the researchers claim that transactional leaders rely on the established routine work and procedures. Effective and persistent transactional leaders give entire organizations a chance to reach such valuable objectives as maturity, effectiveness of operations, increased productivity, and loyalty of employees (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). Thus, having determined and evaluated the drawbacks and advantages of major leadership styles, it is rather important to sum up that the s uccess of the organizations depends on a balance between the leadership styles being applied and equality among leaders and their employees. Police Leaders and Leadership Styles Improving police leadership is considered to be the main characteristic that can drastically change the face and professionalism of police officers. In other words, enhancing police leadership is the major plank in the reform agenda of police administration. At present, there are no either unambiguous evidence or results of statistics that would express a clear link between the impact of particular leadership style on the efficiency of police performance and success. Nowadays, police performance is widely criticized because of failure of police officers to cope with a huge range of problems. Improvement of leadership styles within the sphere of police is tremendously important as it positively influences the process of police modernization. At present, with the help of various interlinked studies that involve numerous interviews and postal questionnaires of police officers, the researchers aim to establish effective leadership styles and traits that positively impact effective perfor mance of police officers and their readiness to face extremely dangerous offenders and risky situations (Dobby, Anscombe, Tuffin, 2004). Taking into consideration the research results provided by the Police Leadership Development Board, the majority of police officers that participated in interviews and questionnaires want their leaders to make them satisfied and proud of the service being provided as well as their contribution to the welfare of the community. Moreover, the interviewees claim that enthusiastic and committed leaders help the staff to achieve their goals. In addition, police officers believe that effective police leaders should pay attention to personal as well as professional standards, participate in constant developing of all staff members, and possess appropriate knowledge and skills (Dobby, Anscombe, Tuffin, 2004). Taking into account the results of statistics, it is extremely important to emphasize that approximately 80 % of police officers are convinced that transformational leadership within the sphere of police is considered to be one of the most effective and influential (Dobby, Anscombe, Tuffin, 2004). Therefore, they claim that transformational leaders influence their subordinates in a positive way as these leaders contribute to job satisfaction and commitment of subordinates to organizational needs and objectives. The transformational framework of leadership positively impacts the professional competence of the employees and their desire to meet strategic and tactical goals. Transformational leaders do not care only about personal benefits as they serve the community and act according to the principles of morality and equality. This behavior has numerous benefits as it motivates the subordinates to reach organizational goals and missions (Dobby, Anscombe, Tuffin, 2004). Police Leadership Development Board provides important data that strong police leadership style is considered to be the key element that may not only enhance police performance but also reduce crime around the globe. Training, education, professionalism, and leadership are essential at every level of police services. Numerous organizational and training courses for police officers are established to improve performance and ability of the police staff to cope with difficult situations. The researchers have managed to estimate that the influence of police leadership on the police staff is enormous. However, police leaders may either enhance the efficiency of performance or lead to dissatisfaction among the police staff (Dobby, Anscombe, Tuffin, 2004). Therefore, police leaders influence job satisfaction, morale, and organizational commitment of their subordinates. However, not all leadership styles impact the other employees in a positive way. For instance, taking into consideration the results of statistics provided by the recent survey that involves approximately 180 police officers, sergeants, and lieutenants on the territory of Midwestern police department in the USA, transformational leadership is the most effective leadership style as it results in increased job satisfaction among the police officers. Such leadership styles as participative and supportive are also good because they contribute to organizational commitment and enhance job satisfaction among the police officers (Wuestewald, 2006). Features of Character and Traits of Effective Police Leaders According to the recent surveys that aimed at determining the most influential positive leadership traits among the police officers, it was estimated that the following competencies and skills have proved their efficiency (Campbell Kodz, 2011): active listening; communicating; loyalty; managing organizational change; increased organizational commitment; respect to all members of the police staff; setting clear vision and strategy; courage; enhanced credibility; self-confidence; active participation of subordinates in the processes of decision-making (Campbell Kodz, 2011). In addition, according to the wide range of different methodologies, leadership is no less important than communication and decision-making processes. Besides, on the basis of the recent experiments that involve more than four hundreds of police officers on local, federal, and state levels in the USA, effective leaders should possess the following crucial characteristics: critical thinking, increased commitment to ongoing education, ambitious plans, supportive behavior, close cooperation with the subordinates, sociability, respect, emotional stability as well as competitive drive, well-developed communicative skills, strong personality, and many other beneficial features (Campbell Kodz, 2011). Thus, having determined and assessed numerous positive characteristics, qualities, and traits of effective police leaders, it is possible to summarize that ideal police leaders that would have enough power to guide and control their subordinates should perform the functions of ethical workers, good communicators, confident decision-makers, and trustworthy friends. The significance of a police leader being ethical has already justified its effectiveness and contribution to the decreased crime rates (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). It is important to note that the sense of integrity, trustworthiness, and honesty motivates police officers to cooperate with their leader in order to achieve common goals and objectives. The researchers claim that police leaders should be recommended to maintain â€Å"servant leadership style†. In other words, servant leadership denotes close cooperation between leaders and followers with the purpose to justify the expectations of employees and satisfy their needs. According to the research results, police leader with ideal characteristics is the person that expresses the features and qualities of servant leadership (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). In addition to ethics and moral principles, police leaders should be the role models for their subordinates. The role models within this sphere should follow the so-called idealized behavior that involves respect, faith, and, finally, pride. Furthermore, every police leader should perform the skills of a good communicator. Communication with subordinates is tremendously important as it gives police leaders a chance to establish a tight and reliable contact with other police staff workers. In order to have support from the subordinates, police leaders should recognize the significance of explaining decisions, behaviors, and actions to other employees. Besides, communication is usually referred to as a key element in determining the organizational commitment. Taking into account the results of recent investigations, police officers at all ranks rely on the so-called degree of certainty about their role and importance from their leaders (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). Thus, it is possible to stress that police leaders should acquire the skills and characteristics of persuasive communicators that may speak on different issues starting from decentralization or commitment and ending up with significance of innovation, effective management, cooperation, and teamwork. The researchers support the idea that police leaders should become critical as well as creative thinkers. In other words, creative, as well as critical and strategic thinking are extremely important as these abilities serve as the key attributes of successful leadership. Police leaders should possess enough skills to recognize and evaluate possible hazards and, consequently, cope with them. Taking into consideration the results of the qualitative review, police agents should attend specialized programs and training in order to have enough skills to think on their feet, make tough choices, easily recognize various patterns among different types of complicated problems, and, finally, search for convincing proofs and facts to prove or refute different hypotheses (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). In addition, it is rather important to note that critical and creative thinking and imagination stimulate cooperation as well as teamwork among police staff. Trust, reliability, and trustworthiness are no less important for police leaders. The majority of researchers are the proponents of the idea that trust is considered to be a characteristic as well as the activity of police leaders (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). Trust and reliability among police leaders should be promoted within various police organizations with the purpose of creating healthy work environments and effective working relationships. Trust in the leadership of the police force promotes integrity, credibility and even respect among police leaders and their subordinates. In case police officers trust their leaders, they will actively participate in the processes of decision-making, problem-solving, and liste ning (Porter et al., 2015). On the contrary, the absence of trust, cooperation, and trustworthiness will deprive police leaders of the opportunity to manage, control, and guide their subordinates. Finally, it is important to stress that such common features as legitimacy and credibility are no less important as these qualities increase cooperation of the public with the police leaders and police officers. Credibility ensures a chance to police leaders to control their followers and guide their subordinates (Porter et al., 2015). Taking into account the leadership requirements model, presented by the researchers in the USA, every professional police leader should know and follow the core leader competencies (Porter et al., 2015). Leading, developing, and achieving are considered to be three main competencies of police leaders. In other words, police leaders have duties to perform a wide range of vitally important functions, especially leading others, extending influence and power beyond the chain of command, respecting, communicating, creating a positive atmosphere, developing self, educating others, and achieving noticeable outcomes. However, the attributes of police leaders are no less significant than their core competencies and qualities. In general, army values, empathy, readiness to cooperate, military bearing, confidence in individual and team strengths, mental agility, and domain knowledge are referred to as the key attributes of police leaders (Porter et al., 2015). Thus, having determined the basic qualities, features, and traits of police leaders, it should be summarized that the major models every effective police leader should know are as follows: ethical and moral individual, role model, persuasive communicator, person with well-developed critical as well as imaginative thinking, confident decision-maker, and, finally, trustworthy and reliable friend. In general, all these qualities are equally important to police leaders who want to cooperate with their followers to meet the needs of entire communities (Pearson-Goff Herrington, 2013). Transformational and Transactional Leadership as Perfect Leadership Styles in Police According to the estimations of the researchers and the results of statistics, transformational approach to leadership is considered to be the most effective in police outcomes because of numerous convincing reasons. In general, a transformational police leader is a courageous person with charisma who can motivate subordinates and make them feel passionate about the success of their missions. The most significant advantages of transformational leadership style within the sphere of police are motivation, planning, retention, and, finally, growth (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). Taking into account the idea of motivation, it should be stated that transformational police leaders use encouragement and inspiration to motivate subordinates to be more productive to achieve their goals and objectives. In addition, it is believed that transformational police leaders make attempts in order to motivate the entire police staff to participate in decision-making processes and planning. In case the entire police staff is on the same page with the leader’s vision, it makes the process of achieving goals not only easier but quicker, as well (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). However, it should be stated that transformational police leaders focus their attention not only on the inspiration of their subordinates. On the contrary, effective transformational police leaders understand that nothing will be done without planning and well-thought strategies. Retention of transformational police leaders is no less important as this feature reaches out every police officer and brings out the best in all of them. Finally, managing police staff to meet the expectations of society and reduce crime is one more integral feature of a transformational leader in the sphere of police work. Numerous researchers in the USA claim that police leaders should be a â€Å"one-trick pony†. In other words, they claim that effective police leader should apply and follow only one leadership style or model (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). Police leaders who practice transformational style of leadership encourage police officers to share a so-called vision of success with them. One more advantage of transformational police leaders deals with the fact that these leaders are ready to reject self-interest in order to achieve a greater good in the future. Thus, effective transformational leaders are usually formed on the basis of several major assumptions. Firstly, police officers are most willing to follow the transformational leaders who motivate and inspire them. Secondly, police officers are extremely motivated to accomplish a mission in case they understand the urgency and significance of a task. Thirdly, collaboration and teamwork that are, as a rule, promoted by the transformational leaders, is far more effective than individual performance. Fourthly, transformational police leaders motivate their subordinates to achieve a â€Å"greater good†. That is why, material rewards seem unnecessary and, to some extent , trivial compared to the idea of a â€Å"greater good† and hope for better future (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). However, while comparing transformational and transactional leadership styles in the sphere of police, many researchers claim that the second option is better, despite several limitations of transactional leadership. Transactional leadership in the sphere of police concentrates both on leaders’ and followers’ self-interests. In the majority of cases, transactional leaders act on the basis of a so-called exchange. According to the essence of this exchange, police officers persistently work to achieve some benefits and, at the same time, avoid severe penalties or various forms of punishments (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). Moreover, one of the most influential strengths of transactional police leadership is its primary focus on â€Å"here and now.† In other words, transactional leaders motivate their followers not to postpone but to get everything done in extremely short terms. According to the results of the scientific data, transactional leadership has proven it s efficiency during the period of the World War II, when army leaders assigned mandatory replacements of soldiers to the front lines with the unique purpose to strengthen combat units (Fisher, Weir Phillips, 2014). In general, transactional leadership aims to create strong and lasting bonds between police officers and their leader and encourage them to follow their goals even when their leader is not present (Fisher, Weir, Phillips, 2014). As a result, the significance of leadership in the sphere of police, basic leadership styles as well as positive traits of effective police leaders, and, finally, the essence of transformational and transactional leadership as the most significant leadership styles for police leaders have been reviewed. Thus, it is possible to infer that leadership plays a key role within the sphere of police as it ensures a vision and solutions to complicated problems, motivates hard work and cooperation, and, finally, unites police officers with the primary purpose to combat crime and improve the quality of life of the civilians. Convincing communicative skills, cooperation, education, ongoing development, focus on police values, ethics, confidence in personal strengths, imagination, persistence, and enthusiasm are considered to be the most significant core competencies and attributive traits of effective police leader. Finally, it is important to note that transformational and transactional leader ship styles are considered to be the most effective within the sphere of police. Moreover, until nowadays, the researchers in the sphere of psychology disagree whether transformational or transactional leadership is more effective as both of them have numerous advantages as well as limitations.

The analysis of Negotiations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The analysis of Negotiations - Essay Example Selecting a Model for Negotiation According to Cohen , â€Å"negotiation is a field of knowledge and endeavor that focuses on gaining the favor of people from whom we want things†. In other words, it is the use of information and power to affect behavior within a â€Å"web of tension.† When preparing for negotiations, it is best to guide the flow of our arguments and counter arguments by selecting a model for negotiation. In this case, let us take a look into the application of a mixed model of creating and claiming value. Creating and claiming value are considered as two of the most basic things when it comes to negotiation. However, some conflict analysts are inclined to believe that creating and claiming value are directly in contrast with each other. The tension between creating and claiming value stems for the fact that creating and claiming value have different objectives. Where creating value is directed at integrative bargaining where the interest of the parties are considered to increase the beneficial good that everyone can enjoy, claiming value is more into positional bargaining where the parties consider themselves as disputants and not as cooperators .

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Company Law - Essay Example n be altered by special resolution.3 However, any alteration must comply with the provisions contained in the company’s Memorandum of Association and the current Companies Acts. The Memorandum sets out the objects of the company and what the company can do. Therefore in the event a provision of the Articles is inconsistent with the Memorandum it will be overruled.4 Any alteration of the company’s Article of Association must be conducted in good faith and for the overall benefit of the company.5 The underlying rationale is the extent to which the majoritys power is contained so as to prevent majority oppression of the minority. Put another way, the principles of common law and equity effectively bind the majority share holders in the manifest exercise of their powers at the expense of minority shareholders.6 The courts have consistently approached the question of alteration of a company’s Articles of Association with extreme caution. There are many variants that are potentially conflicting. For one thing a fine balancing of the company’s interests and the interests of the members of the company as a body is relevant. The doctrine of majority rule is as equally important to the court as is the protection of the minority from oppression by the majority. Since by virtue of Section 9 of the Companies Act 1985 a majority can alter or amend provisions contained in the Articles of Association, it is important to the court that this is not accomplished by discriminatory or fraudulent means or motives on the part of the majority. The doctrine of majority rule was introduced in Foss v Harbottle. The rationale behind Foss was that any difficulties within the structure of the company ought to be dealt with by ratification by the majority shareholders.7 Inherent in this principle is the courts’ recognition of the company’s right to alter its Articles of Association. Jenkins LJ said, ‘†¦where the alleged wrong is a transaction which might be made binding

Human Resource Management Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human Resource Management Strategy - Essay Example man Capital is perhaps the most powerful and high-valued asset of an organization since people within an organization not only depend on their own productivity and performance but also of all other resources like technology, materials, process etc. No process, system or organizational activity can work well unless there are right people for that and they are managed for the same. If people perform well, all other resources in the organization can be utilized up to a maximum extent. Therefore, managing the human resources effectively and with a view to make them high performers is extremely critical to the organizational success. In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantages, human resources management have recently designed, developed and concentrated on various managerial strategies. High Performance Working is one of such strategies. ... Industry analysis with help of Porter’s five forces analysis will be given to help understand the business environment and competitive rivalry of the business. Based on literature review on high performance working and HR strategies that lead the organization to high performing, this paper illustrates the importance, relevance and overall benefits of implementing the high performance strategy. British Airways: Company Profile and Industry Analysis British Airways Plc is UK’s largest international airline. As a member of the royal family of European Airlines, British Airways carries passengers and cargoes to a large numbers of airports in more than 150 countries. The company provides airline services through around 240 aircraft (Hoovers, 2011). British Airways has emerged to be a highly successful competitor in the market and thus has been labeled the world’s first airline that took part in a scheme to reduce green house gas emission (Strategic Report, 2009). With customer focus and some other useful business strategies, the company has been able to achieve company’s specific goals. Out of its strategic perspectives, the company has perceived long haul premium customers as the key to profitability, delivered outstanding quality service for customers, grew its presence in most global cities, built a leading position in London and met customers needs (British Airways, 2009). Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Michael Porter’s Five Force analysis is a tool that can be used for comparing and contrasting the competitive environment and analyze the operational efficiencies. The five force analysis can also be used as a tool to evaluate how effective were the business strategies and how far these

Virgils like a Roman leader. Aeneid Essay Example for Free

Virgils like a Roman leader. Aeneid Essay Virgils Aeneid Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virgil’s was the son of Publius Vergilius Maro and Magia Polla. Virgil’s father was a miniature freeholder in Andes. Virgil’s father was a farmer who practised bee-keeping and forestry, and he progressively accrued enough competence to enable him give superior education to their only son, Virgil’s. Virgils went to school at Cremona which was neighboring town and later he went to Milan which was the capital city of the province. At the age of 17 years Virgil’s went to Rome where he studied philosophy and oratory under the preeminent masters of the era. This paper seeks to explain the occurrences that took place during Augustan age. Augustan age had a remarkable impact to the Aeneid because Aeneid is a clear-cut approval of Augustus’ personal consolidation of authority after countless years of atrocious civil war. The foremost part of his approach was the use of auctoritas and exploitation of pietas, two ideals were well-regarded in Roman society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a heated debate concerning the stance of Virgil’s in the Augustan era. Some people propose that the Virgil’s epic about Augustus’ ancestors as misinformation directed by Augustus’ political device. Other people identify creepy influence in Virgil’s artistic work where they argue that Virgil’s had an intention of undermining the new political order. The Aeneid is a public epic, adoration and veneration of Rome and its citizens. Virgil had an optimistic and spiritualized and inspiring notion of Rome, which he saw as sacred and majestic, predestined by providence to rule the humanity. Virgil’s saw a golden era of humanity rising during Augustus’s reign, the golden era was brought by the gods. The Aeneid was ordained to exalt this new-fangled, structured society and to elevate its merits and superior distinctiveness by their representation in Aeneas. Aeneas was an epic champion w ho would represent the classic Roman. Aeneas had the most reputable characteristics of an ideal Roman leader, which included Roman sense of responsibility and duty. He also had excellent personal attributes and qualities. According to Virgil’s these features would enable Aeneas to build adorable Rome (McCrorie, 356).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were a series of civil wars before Augustan reign which led to large financial and human losses. The state became unified under Augustan reign. Peace and order was restored, and the government took active interest in various diverse schemes of social and economic life thus Rome regained its happiness and prosperity. The Augustan reign brought peace and order through development of imperial government. Unfortunately, the Romans abandoned most liberty that they had accustomed in earlier periods. This had a serious impact in the minds of many citizens including Virgil’s. In the Aeneid, Virgil describes the new-fangled approach under which Romans lived. In his epic Aeneid, Virgil treats the most significant features of imperial and republican Rome as distinct, entangled whole. This notion was interpreted that the splendor of one government resembled the brilliance of the other government. This argument weakened the conviction that Augustus’s empire was a new and unfamiliar political unit. In addition, Virgil revealed in many aspects that the imperial period was intended to be a fresh golden period for Rome. It was only the Augustan age that all Roman citizen’s noblest ambitions and wishes could be accomplished (Bloom, 284). http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aeneas the hero of Aeneid had the most adorable features of a Roman leader. Augustus was a descendant of Aeneas. In Aeneid the implication of the association between Augustus and Aeneas was very clear. It can be noed that Augustus shares a lot of his ancestor Aeneas superior qualities. People gained a lot of confidence with Augustan reign and could never think of condemning Augustus’s new government. Aeneas underwent various hardship incidents during his ruling period. However, Aeneas consoled himself by keeping in mind the predestined future of the empire. The notion of the predestined future of the empire strengthened him to dedicate his ambitions of establishing new Rome. This approach set an example to the Roman people. The personal sacrifices that Aeneas made taught people that their personal and complaints and doubts about imperial government were of less significant as compared to the needs of the society. People submerged th eir personal grievances for the welfare of all individuals. In Aeneid, Romans came to learn that it was only through a solid and centralized government t that they would be able to be peaceful and united (Retrieved from http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Romans would also be encouraged if they came to learn that Aeneid gods and goddesses were deeply concerned with the Rome’s future. People became convinced by the Virgil’s argument in Aeneid epic since various parts were all about unending series of successes. These epics aimed at demonstrated the success path to convince the public that Rome and its domain had enduringly won celestial favor. The epics convinced many educated class people in Rome such that they abandoned their opposition to Augustus’s new government and became used to their emperor’s regime. The Aeneid became a customary school text. Every generation in Rome passed through Virgil’s epic poem whereby they developed a selfless allegiance to the Roman imperial government. Aeneid became a literary masterpiece as well as the strongest intellectual barricade in the Roman kingdom. Augustan age was very significant to the Aeneid since it set up a solid foundation that enabled the empire to be organized (Retrieved from http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maecenas, Augustus’ chief consultant secured several potential poets in his era. Augustus had acknowledged a powerful machine for his propaganda in these young poets. These writers had a distinct and powerful influence through their writing through the attitude of the public. During the writing of the Aeneid, Vigil had to consider the desires of his patrons. It reveals the momentous effect that Augustan auctoritas in the Virgil’s occupation, as the poet makes an unswerving suggestion to the ultimate accomplishment of his patron. Virgil used to judge against the performance of the celebrated hero to those of Augustus. Virgil’s Aeneid clearly reveal the auctoritas as he narrates the glorious history of Rome under Augustan regime. â€Å"Look there, focus your eyes now on our people, your own Romans: Caesar and all of Iulus’ lineage under the great tree of the heavens. And this man, a man you’ve heard promised so often, Caesar Augustus: a God’s own son who will settle a Golden Age once more on Latium’s meadows, ruled by Saturn before. He’ll open the empire to India, Africa, lands lying beyond the ecliptic, beyond the sun’s annual journey†¦ (Virgil, 1995, Bk. VI- ll. 788-796)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This consequence of Augustan auctoritas on Virgil’s Aeneid delegates the inclination in the Augustan period of literacy in favor of Augustan regime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is clear that the Roman leaders used to glorify themselves and create superior history and reinforced these principles to the legends of their forefathers. Thorough scrutiny of Golden age works such as Aeneid reveals the outcome of Augustan auctoritas. Augustus made a purposeful and flourishing attempt to swing the focus of Roman writing to the indefatigable support of his imperial misinformation. This substantiation highlights the cognizant, persistent pressure Augustus asserted, using his supremacy to control the Romans and to generate an age of writing in his own representation. References Bloom, Harold. Virgils Aeneid. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Print. McCrorie, Edward. The Aeneid. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Print. Patron Augustus—Client Rome. Patron Augustus—Client Rome. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2014. http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-010.html. Source document

Comparing Neo of the Matrix and Ender Wiggen of Ender’s Game :: Movie Film Movies Films

Comparing Neo of the Matrix and Ender Wiggen of Ender’s Game From the first moment that we wake up we know that we are awake, but have you ever had a sensation that you are dreaming but you know you are awake? This is the same way Neo felt in his world in the movie the Matrix. Ender Wiggen was in the same situation in the novel Ender’s Game, written by Orson Scott Card. He was living in a place where no one accepted him because he was a third, which means that he belongs to the government for a special purpose. The comparisons of Neo and Ender through their different conflicts made believe, important decision to make and stimulus that people need and the consequences that brings after making decision. The first similarly that Ender and Neo have was that both were put in the world to complete a mission. First, they needed to believe that they were the one to save the world. Neo, in the movie, The Matrix was living in a world where everything seems normal. But he knows that there is something wrong in the world. This is when Morpheus appears. Morpheus, for many years, was searching for the one. He blindly believed that Neo was the one. When Neo knew that his world was not real, he felt that his whole life was living in a dream world. Morpheus was the man that guided Neo, training him and making him believe that he is the one. On the other hand, Ender’s story is very similar. Ender was a young man: independent, strong willed, mentally tough creative and mature. Even though he is only six years old, he is capable of having the ability of leadership. Ender also had a man with no mercy that believed that he was the one. Colonel Graff was Ender’s teacher. He guides, him tra ins him, isolates him from his peers, and drives him to the point of exhaustion. These two men have a conflict that they do not find themselves in their world. They feel that they do not belong in the world that they are living in. Ender is living in a place where the government controls a system that everyone must follow. Ender does not believe that this system was right for the people. He is fighting with his internal and external conflict. His external conflict involves his struggles to overcome the obstacles places in his path, and the internal conflict is the result of the external that affect his emotional life.

An Examination of the History, Development, and Uses of the Beck Depression Inventory

An Examination of the History, Development, and Uses of the Beck Depression Inventory Maya A. Butler Richmont Graduate University Dr. Aaron Beck is a psychiatrist widely known for developing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); a self-assessment instrument used to assess the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. During his work, Beck highlighted the negative thoughts experienced by his patients, and believed it was these thoughts that caused depression within them.From here, Beck developed a three-part thought process that exhibited how a person’s negative view of the world, their future, and themselves affected their depression level (Brown, Hammond, Craske, & Wickens, 1995). These components were used to construct what we have come to know as the Beck Depression Inventory. Throughout test development of the BDI, three separate instruments were created: the BDI, BDI-IA, and BDI-II.The first BDI was developed in 1961 by Aaron Beck, Clyde Ward, Myer Mendelson, John Mock, and John Erbaugh. It could be administered individually or in a group format, in written or oral form, and the test manual indicated total administration time to be no more than 15 minutes, irrespective of the mode of administration (Carlson, p. 117-118). It consisted of twenty-one questions that measured the patient’s feelings within the past week. Each question had four possible answer choices that ranged in depression intensity.In order to score the test, a value between zero and three was assigned to each answer, added, and compared to a key in order to determine the patient’s depression severity. Scores from the BDI could range from 0 to 63, and higher scores indicated severer depression symptoms. Some of the answer items on the BDI had identical numerical value to them, though the statements were not identical. This led to revision of the BDI and introduction of the BDI-IA (Beck, Steer, and Garbin, 1988). The BDI-IA was developed in 1971 by Beck and copyrig hted in 1978.In order to make the test more user-friendly and efficient in measuring depression, similar answer items with identical scoring on a question were removed, and test subjects were asked to evaluate their feelings for a time frame of two weeks instead of one (Beck, Steel, Ball, and Ranieri, 1996). Using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of reliability, it was determined the BDI-IA reliability was around 0. 85, suggesting that items on the BDI-IA are highly correlated with one another (Ambrosini, Metz, Bianchi, Rabinovich, and Undie, 1991).However, one of the main problems with this instrument was its inability to address all nine criteria for depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III (DSM-III). In response to this, the BDI-II was developed. In 1996, the BDI-II was introduced; mainly due to the release of revised criteria for Major Depressive Disorder in the DSM-IV in 1994. Some of the changes made to the BDI-II were the replacement of items that measured changes in body image, work difficulty, and hypochondria.In addition to this, items that measured sleep loss and appetite loss were changed to examine increases and decreases in both sleep and appetite. The entire question wording was changed on the BDI-II except questions used to measure sexual interest, suicidal thoughts, and questions dealing with feelings of being punished. In addition to this, the measuring scale used to evaluate the total points from the BDI-II was changed. When compared with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Pearson correlation coefficient between this test and the BDI-II was 0. 1, which proves both instruments agree with one another (Beck, Steel, Ball, and Ranieri, 1996). In addition to this, the BDI-II has a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0. 92, surpassing its predecessor the BDI. In addition to improving the relation between its instrument items, the BDI-II can be scored and interpreted via computer software. The BDI- II has expanded well beyond its original intended application with psychiatric populations. In addition to its continued use among this population, it is accepted and commonly used by clinicians as a screening instrument among normal populations (Carlson, p. 17). Because it is designed to reflect the depth of depression, it can be used to monitor changes over time, and objectively measure the likelihood of improvement and the effectiveness of treatment methods (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, and Erbaugh, 1961). The facts stand that the BDI-II is a simple measure that encompasses the majority of symptoms associated with depression, is easily and rapidly administered, and can be scored and interpreted via computer software. However, it is only a quality instrument when it is used in samples with cooperative subjects; not exaggerated or minimized by the erson completing the instrument (Waller, p. 121). In cases where a person could be motivated to deceive or malinger, the administrator i s advised to use additional or less transparent means of assessment (Carlson, p. 119). In addition to this, the intent and purpose for using the BDI-II is for assessment and not diagnosis. Improper use of this assessment for diagnosing can create falsely positive or negative results. References Ambrosini PJ, Metz C, Bianchi MD, Rabinovich H, Undie A (January 1991). â€Å"Concurrent validity and psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory in outpatient adolescents†.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30 (1): 51–7. doi:10. 1097/00004583-199101000-00008. PMID 2005064. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W (December 1996). â€Å"Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients†. Journal of Personality Assessment 67 (3): 588–97. doi:10. 1207/s15327752jpa6703_13. PMID 8991972. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez. Beck AT, Steer RA, G arbin MG J (1988). â€Å"Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory Twenty-five years of evaluation†. Clin. Psych. Review 8: 77-100.Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J (June 1961). â€Å"An inventory for measuring depression†. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 4 (6): 561–71. doi:10. 1001/archpsyc. 1961. 01710120031004. PMID 13688369. Brown GP, Hammen CL, Craske MG, Wickens TD (August 1995). â€Å"Dimensions of dysfunctional attitudes as vulnerabilities to depressive symptoms†. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104 (3): 431–5. doi:10. 1037/0021-843X. 104. 3. 431. PMID 7673566. http://content. apa. org/journals/abn/104/3/431. (2012, 10). Beck Depression Inventory. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 10, 2012, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Beck-Depression-Inventory-617021. html

Making Profits with a Twist †Auntie Anne’s Pretzels

This is a good attitude to have when beginning a business, because it promotes solid values that the business will be based on, even after it succeeds.   It also remembers the people in the community, the customers.   A company will survive and thrive if customers feel cared about and welcomed to the business.   Customers are the livelihood of the business, and it’s important to care about them in the store, and outside it. However, conflicts may arise.   A business may not have enough money to keep itself going, much less give to the community.   A business that suddenly does not give to the community could cause criticism.   It can be difficult to make any profit when a decent chunk of money is going to the community.   A company may take on more than it can really handle when it promises this.   Depending on the size of the community, people may feel they are more involved in the business than they are, resulting in the business not being taken seriously, and possibly failing. 4. How do the advantages and disadvantages of franchise compare to other forms of business? A franchise is a great business for someone who wants to go into business for his/herself, does not have the drive to build a business from scratch (as a franchise company already has a reputation and doesn’t need to build one), and wants the financial backing and security that comes with being a part of an already established business.   The franchisee has corporate support, materials and recipes (in the case of a restaurant) provided.   The only thing the franchisee needs to do is the day-to-day managing, and making some decisions about what products to carry, pricing, etc. However, this also leads to a lack of freedom.   In a traditional start-up business, a person does not have any backing besides his or her own money and possibly reputation as a person in the community.   The company is far more likely to fail (franchises usually don’t fail).   But, the person has the freedom to make any business decision he or she chooses.   He or she can take the business in a new direction, offer or stop offering any products or services, and do anything at all.   There is absolute freedom for a sole proprietorship.   A partnership shares the financial risk, and has some limit on freedom (decisions made equally between all partners), but the business doesn’t arrive â€Å"ready made† like a franchise does. It ultimately depends on what experience a person wants to have – security in business, or freedom to do as she/he pleases. Works Cited McHugh, McHugh, and Nickels.   Understanding Business. Seventh edition.   New York: McGraw-Hill Company, 2004.

Critiques of Democracy

Critiques of Democracy Democracy as a structure of administration rests on measures and rules by which the general public can employ meaningful influence on the form of public policy. At one fell swoop, democracy is a policy selection and depends very much on the use of public authority. Various scholars have had diverse outlooks on the subject of democracy. This paper shall discuss the views of Rohr and Rosenbloom on democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critiques of Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Function in Public Administration Rohr (1982) justifies an activist public government. He offers a more multifaceted vision for the function of the proprietor. He grounds his ideas on the discussions of the past generations and considers both the Anti-Federalist and the Federalist points of view in depth. In his outlook, public administration would act to link what the division of powers values keep at a distance. Rohr (1982) mo ves to correct the trouble of governmental authority According to Rohr (1982), the civil service must accomplish the tasks the Founders intended initially for the Senate. His prescription is for public administration to uphold principled autonomy as of the three distinct branches of government. He also argues that public administration must be the tool of the Constitution. Rather than responding to democratically chosen officials he prefers specialized, statesman like administrators who reflect on delivering their actions to the master of their individual selection. Their selection would rely on which branch required the strength to uphold the correct Constitutional stability and attain the tops of the Constitution’s preamble. Rohr (1982) accepts that public administration must stay subsidiary to all three branches. Nevertheless, in a specified instance and for specified matters, a Constitutional master would be selected by the senior civil servants. He recommends public admi nistrators to believe in Constitutional stipulations and not to pursue the stumpy art of directorial survival. According to Rohr (1982), the constitution is the steward of the citizens but not the president or his officials. Responsibilities to Societal Ethics The might administrative state is supposed to be accountable for societal ethics (Rohr, 2007; Rosenbloom et al., 2009).Civic virtue, as experienced by public workforce in the efficient execution of public law, would arbitrate the determination of a sole, prevailing executive (Rosenbloom et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The outcome, according to Rosenbloom et al (2009) would be regime workers, governed by a constitution, educating people on the right conduct of citizenship. Tools of Collective Action Rohr (1982) argues that the presence of a legislative body in public administration must be encour aged and impartial ability be rejected. He also stresses the significance of a constitutional guard of entity rights. Rohr (1982) disapproves the New Deal’s increase of presidential authority. At the same time, he believes that legal decisions during that period additionally malformed the founding fathers’ intent. Rohr (1982) argues that the team, which incorporated public administration professionals, Merriam, Brownlow and Gulick, tried to exert the equivalent of a fresh Constitutional Convention. The dominance of the executive branch made it possible for the presidents to increase the authority of their office to consolidate planning, human resources and financial administration, using the financial plan to manage general policy. This has resulted to a marring of the founders’ objective. Rohr (1982) holds the view that the Framers essentially planned for the president to act as the head of Congress. Their trepidation of a legislative eddy absorbing the additio nal two branches directed them to create the two houses. He also argues that the extension of the administrative control of the regime by the Executive Branch and the Brownlow Committee are in conflict with Constitutional blueprint. This explicates the transformation in American political outlooks between 1787 and 1937 which have destabilized governmental authority (Rohr, 1982). Societal Learning as a Way to the Prospect According to Rohr (2007) public administrators would be in a high position for guiding humanity in determining how to resolve conflicts over ethics, if not to make those choices based on a cautious understanding of the Constitution. According to Rohr (2007), humanity would rely on the professionalism, sovereign judgment, self-discipline and ethical character of the civil service.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critiques of Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He visualizes the constitution as making a society of political order. Through regimented communication, humanity can realize, refurbish, become accustomed to, and apply the basic principles beneath public order. In conclusion, this paper provides plentiful insights regarding public administration in a democracy, which can be useful in studying prospect public administration. Rohr (2007) offers a formula for examining prospect public administration matters. Public administrators who have specialized capability and can build up a sense of what is constitutionally right, must learn policy issues. He suggests that public administrators ought to be constitutionalists who scrutinize argument over law, history over the current and insight over advocacy. By use of this examination public officials will build up logic of decorum, function on a principled basis, and recognize when to curve and when to grasp. Whether civic officials can center on didactic civic function instead of the necessities and errands to their specifi c agencies continues to be seen. Furthermore, to pursue Rohr’s lead and extend a public debate on Constitutional matters concerning popular sovereignty and personal rights will need major educational plans (Rohr, 2007). References Rohr, J. A. (1982). The Constitution in public administration: a report on education. The American Review of Public Administration, 16(4), 429–431. Rohr, J. A. (2007). Ethics and comparative administration. Public Integrity, 10 (1), 65–74. Rosenbloom, D. H., Kravchuk, R. S., Clerkin, R. M. (2009). Accountability and ethics. in public administration: understanding management, politics, and law in the public sector. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Ideology of Marxism

Ideology of Marxism Free Online Research Papers The ideology of marxism is â€Å"revolutionary socialism† based on the theories of Karl and Engels, emphasizing common ownership of the means of production and a planned, or command economy. The principle held is that each should work according to his or her capacity and receive according to his or her needs. Politically, it seeks the overthrow of capitalism through a proletarian (working-class) revolution. The Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. It argues that class struggles, or the use of one class by another, are the motivating force behind all historical developments. Class relationships are defined by an eras means of production. However, eventually these relationships cease to be well-matched with the developing forces of production. At this point, a revolution occurs and a new class emerges as the ruling one. Modern Industrial society in specific is characterized by class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. However, the productive forces of capitalism are quickly ceasing to be compatible with this unequal relationship. Thus, the proletariat will lead a revolution. However, this revolution will be of a different character than all previous ones: previous revolutions simply reallocated property in favor of the new ruling class. Ho wever, by the nature of their class, the members of the proletariat have no way of appropriating property. Therefore, when they obtain control they will have to destroy all ownership of private property, and classes themselves will disappear. The Manifesto argues that this development is inevitable, and that capitalism is inherently unstable. The Communists intend to promote this revolution, and will promote the parties and associations that are moving history towards its natural conclusion. They argue that the elimination of social classes cannot come about through reforms or changes in government. Rather, a revolution will be required. Communism seems very enticing on paper, but from what we’ve actually seen in the past, it’s not necessarily the most effective way to run a country. Having the proletarian class over throw the bourgeoisie sounds alluring because of their current compatibility. The bourgeoisie are the middleclass merchants while the proletarians are the lower class labors, wage earners. The bourgeoisie want to produce their products as cheap as possible, while the proletarians are trying to make a living on a pettily wage that won’t increase because of the selfishness of the bourgeoisie. From a proletarians perspective, this makes communism attractive, which made it attractive to the western society because the bulk of society was of the proletarian class. From what we’ve learned in the past, communism was a reasonable response to the situation of the western world in the nineteenth century. What we say previously in lets say France, was the French revolution. They a bolished the monarch to acquire more freedom to the people, but eventually evolved into another monarch with napoleon Bonaparte. When a country is ruled by a monarch, it seems a lot of blood is shed for political advancement. The cost of Napoleon’s rule was high: 750, 000 French soldiers and 400, 000 others from annexed and satellite states. With numbers like these its no wonder why communism is so attractive. Putting power into the hands of the lower class seems like a good idea at this point. I believe that there are some aspects that Christians can agree and commend, but for the most part, communism eventually down spirals. If communism were so effective, then there would be more than a handful of countries practicing it’s ideology. The idea of bestowing power onto the lowers classes sounds lovely because of the way they have suffered in the past. I certainly don’t agree with slave labor, or working for the most minimum wage possible. Giving power to the people would break the bonds and give them more freedom. However, human nature has its own characteristics and from what I’ve learned, equality amongst the people would fade. Its in our nature to be competitive and you always want a better quality of life then the next guy. You may work harder then the next guy and think you deserve more. Why should someone who works hard and someone who is lazy be considered equal. People work hard for their achievements and should be awarded accordingly. Communism fails in this aspect of its ideology. Bestowing power to the people sounds good, but the equality talked about would never last. Human nature doesn’t allow us to share equality, we always want to be one step closer or higher then the next. It’s the way we’ve been design, it’s our completive nature to outdo the next guy. Research Papers on Ideology of MarxismAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Standardized TestingTwilight of the UAWBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product